The Hebrew calendars normal year has 12 months totaling 354 days, and if not adjusted for would move through the seasons and would not give man any direction as to the times and seasons. But because it is tied to the Sun, the months are kept in their proper seasons. This is done by adding an additional month, or leap month verses a leap day, to the Hebrew year in 7 of 19 years of the 19 year cycle pattern. Yet even with adjustments it is 6 minutes 26 seconds too long each year making it a full day behind the Gregorian year every 231 years and one day every 224 years behind the solar year. Thus the Hebrew Moon calendar loses one day every 231 years in comparison to our present sun calendar.

I have found this 19 year cycle rotation to work very well and be surprisingly accurate and very convenient as a vehicle to use to overlay, or what I call shadow, the Hebrew/Israelite moon calendar onto our Gregorian sun calendar. An expected date can and has been calculated and shown on the Calendar Comparison Chart below in Chart 3. The date shown in bold on that calendar is the most expected date to be used for the new moon, although one of the alternate dates next to it may be more appropriate. As you come to more fully understand the workings of the calendars, which the charts should help in this, you will come to realize that a date on either side of that expected date is a possibility and thus is acceptable because of the factors previously mentioned and mentioned below. Our calendar leap year adjustment also contributes to the movement just described.

From about a thousand years from Christ the variation from the calculated expected date can be as much as two days on either side of that expected date. Thus, without astronomical verification, a certain amount of faith is involved with this method to find the most appropriate date. But if the date one expects is not within that small range of dates, one cannot force it to be there, especially since each moon calendar year varies usually 10 to 12 days with the sun calendar year when placing the moon calendar on the sun or Gregorian calendar. As we continue, more on this will be described and demonstrated in greater detail.

The calculated cycle came about from man observing the movement of the months with the seasons. There is also an occasional adjustment in the number of days in the year. The normal year has 354 days, but the year can also be short by one day or a year with 353 days; or 383 days if it is a leap year. The year can also occasionally have an additional day added to it making a year with total number of days of 355; or 385 if it is a leap year. The need to subtract or add a day seems to be mostly caused by the slight egg shaped rotation of the moon. That day change is adjusted for in the eighth and ninth months of the moon year when using the mathematical calculated 19 year cycle, with a day being added or subtracted in one of those months.

I found it interesting to realize that although the moon has been given a strait (strait meaning constricted) and narrow path to follow in its journey around the earth which it tries to stay in, it still wanders off somewhat randomly but expectedly in an egg shaped circle or path which also contributes to it falling short one day every 231 years. With the sun representing the Son of God, the symbolism is shown how even though we are given the rules to follow and we try to stay in that strait and narrow path by following them, it is so easy to get just a little off on occasion as does the moon in its rotation, which we cannot make up by ourselves, just as the moon cannot make up the day that is lost every 231 years. That shortfall can only be made up or compensated for by the sun, or Son, who is always true and faithful and who we must look to in order to find the way. As the Moon anchors itself to the Sun to remain in the proper season, so must we anchor our lives to the Son to remain on that strait and narrow path back to the Father.

The first sighting of the new moon near or following the 20/21 of March was to begin the Israelites religious New Year and be the first day of the new month, beginning at sundown the same evening of the sighting of the new moon. This rotation of the months also eventually developed into a Hebrew/Israelite calendar with a nineteen year rotating pattern that can be found and followed through the years similar to the Babylonian rotation. The Babylonian rotation rule was that the first month on the New Year began with the sighting of the first new moon that followed the spring equinox. The Israelite rule for the beginning of the year added an agricultural rule. That rule stated that when the new moon for the New Year appeared, the green ears of barley had to be at or past the ripening stage that would indicate it could be harvested and used for the wave offering that took place on the 2^nd day of the Passover.

An interesting comment was found in the footnote on page 155 of Bill O’Reilly’s book “KILLING JESUS”. There it states ”The Sabbath was a day of complete rest, beginning at sundown on Friday and continuing until three stars were visible in the sky on Saturday evening. Strenuous work was forbidden, as were many other activities, in an effort to replicate God’s day of rest after creating the universe.” I find it interesting here that the day is divided at the point that three stars become visible, symbolic of the Godhead, which is also represented by the number three, again adding to God’s patterns. The following chart reflects the pattern at the time of Christ when using the agricultural rule of the barley being ripe for the 2^nd day of the Passover. This chart shows the most probable times for the beginning of the 1^st of Nisan for the periods shown. The chart below also demonstrates the change in the number of days in the years as shows up in columns (5) and (6). The number of days in the years is shown in column (5). You see in column (6) a sequence of the numbers 30 and 29. This is showing how many days would be in the various months in the year as well as the number of months, 12 or 13, with the total equal to column (5).

Chart 1—Hebrew (Israelite) and Julian/Gregorian Calendar Comparisons, 35 BC-37 AD

With the Hebrew year cycle in 1 AD being the year cycle 6

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Hebrew Astronomical Hebrew Julian calendar dates # Number of days in each of the Hebrew months for the

Year New Moon cycle changed to of years shown, also showing the19 year cycle, with the

Begins near or year Gregorian calendar days 1^st cycle year shown as 1, the 2^nd as 2, etc, and the first

in preceding of dates that correspond in month being the first Hebrew month of the Hebrew

Julian date 19 with the Hebrew the year, originally Abib, now known as Nissan or Nisan,

Year of Year calendar dates in year with the first Gregorian day being the first of the month

of Equinox cycle the 19 year cycle shown of Nisan, but with the Hebrew day starting the evening before

35 BC 9 April 9, 35 BC/March 28, 34 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

34 BC 10 March 29, 34 BC/March 17, 33 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

33 BC 11 March 18, 33 BC/April 5, 32 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

32 BC 12 April 6, 32 BC/March 25, 31 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

31 BC 13 March 26, 31 BC/March 14, 30 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

30 BC 14 March 15, 30 BC/April 2, 29 BC = 385 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

29 BC 15 April 3, 29 BC/ March 22, 28 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

28 BC 16 Mar. 23, 28 BC/March 11, 27 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

27 BC 17 March 12, 27 BC/ Mar 30, 26 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

26 BC(Greenwich time)18 March 31, 26 BC/Mar 18, 25 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

25 BC Mar 17 12:00 19 March 19, 25 BC/April 6, 24 BC = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

24 BC April 5 5:00 1 April 7, 24 BC/March 26, 23 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,0

23 BC Mar. 25 9:00 2 March 27, 23 BC/March 16, 22 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

22 BC Mar. 14 19:00 3 March 17, 22 BC/April 3, 21 BC = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30,29

21 BC April 1 19:00 4 April 4, 21 BC/March 24, 20 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

20 BC Mar. 22 13:00 5 March 25, 20 BC/Mar 13, 19 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

19 BC Mar. 12 4:00 6 March 14, 19 BC/April 1, 18 BC = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

18 BC Mar 31 2:00 7 April 2, 18 BC/March 20, 17 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

17 BC Mar. 19 8:00 8 March 21, 17 BC/April 8, 16 BC = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30

16 BC April 7 0:01 9 April 9, 16 BC/March 28, 15 BC = 354 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

15 BC Mar 27 1:00 10 March 29, 15 BC/March 17, 14 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

14 BC Mar. 16 6:00 11 March 18, 14 BC/April 4, 13 BC = 384 = 29, 30,30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

13 BC April 3 4:00 12 April 5, 13 BC/March 25, 12 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

12 BC Mar. 23 19:00 13 March 26, 12 BC/March 14, 11 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

11 BC Mar 13 noon 14 March 15, 11 BC/April 2, 10 BC = 384 = 29, 30,30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

10 BC April 1 12:00 15 April 3, 10 BC/March 22, 9 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

9 BC Mar. 20 23:00 16 March 23, 9 BC/Mar 11, 8 BC = 354 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

8 BC Mar. 10 3:00 17 March 12, 8 BC/Mar 30, 7 BC = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

7 BC Mar. 28 19:00 18 March 31, 7 BC/March 19, 6 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

6 BC Mar. 17 21:00 19 March 20, 6 BC/April 6, 5 BC = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

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5 BC April 4 17:00 1 Sun April 7, 5 BC/March 26, 4 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

4 BC Mar. 25 4:00 2 Thur March 27, 4 BC/March 16, 3 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29,0

3 BC Mar. 14 19:00 3 Tue March 17, 3 BC/April 4, 2 BC = 384 = 29,30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

2 BC April 2 21:00 4 Mon April 5, 2 BC/March 23, 1 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

1 BC Mar. 22 noon 5 Fri March 24, 1 BC/March 13, 1 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29 ,0 (April 3 = Nisan 11)

1 AD Mar. 11 20:00 6 Wen March 14, 1 AD/April 1, 2 AD = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29(Mar 24 = Nisan 11)

2 AD Mar 30 14:00 7 Tue April 2, 2 AD/March 21, 3 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

3 AD Mar. 19 15:00 8 Sat March 22, 3 AD/April 7, 4 AD = 383 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

4 AD April 6 9:00 9 Thur April 8, 4 AD/March 28, 5 AD = 355 = 29,30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

5 AD Mar. 26 14:00 10 Tue March 29, 5 AD/Mar 17, 6 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

6 AD Mar. 16 3:00 11 Sat March 18, 6 AD/April 5, 7 AD = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

7 AD April 4 4:00 12 April 6, 7 AD/March 25, 8 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

8 AD Mar. 23 21:00 13 March 26, 8 AD/March 14, 9 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

9 AD Mar. 13 10:00 14 March 15, 9 AD/April 2, 10 AD = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

10 AD April 1 6:00 15 April 3, 10 AD/March 22, 11 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

11 AD Mar. 21 10:00 16 March 23, 11 AD/Mar l 0, 12 AD = 354 = 29,30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

12 AD Mar. 9 11:00 17 March 11,12 AD/Mar 29, 13 AD = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30,29

13 AD Mar. 28 5:00 18 March 30, 13 AD/Mar 18, 14 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

14 AD Mar. 17 12:00 19 March 19, 14 AD/April 6, 15 AD = 383 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

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15 AD April 5 11:00 1 April 7, 15 AD/March 26, 16 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

16 AD Mar. 25 4:00 2 March 27, 16 AD/March 16, 17 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

17 AD Mar 14 20:00 3 March 17, 17 AD/April 4, 18 AD = 384 = 29,30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

18 AD April 2 19:00 4 April 5, 18 AD/March 24, 19 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

19 AD Mar. 23 3:00 5 March 25, 19 AD/Mar 12, 20 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

20 AD Mar. 11 5:00 6 Fri March 13, 20 AD/Mar 31, 21 AD = 384 = 29,30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

21 AD Mar. 29 22:00 7 Thu April 1, 21 AD/March 20, 22 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

22 AD Mar. 19 1:00 8 Mon March 21, 22 AD/April 8, 23 AD = 384 = 29,30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

23 AD April 6 22:00 9 Sun April 9, 23 AD/March 27, 24 AD = 354 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

24 AD Mar. 26 11:00 10 Thur March 28, 24 AD/March 17, 25 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

25 AD Mar. 16 4:00 11 Tue March 18, 25 AD/April 5, 26 AD = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

26 AD April 4 5 :00 12 Mon April 6, 26 AD/March 26, 27 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

27 AD Mar. 24 17:00 13 Sat March 27, 27 AD/March 14, 28 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

28 AD March 13 0:0 14 Wed March 15, 28 AD/April 2, 29 AD = 384 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30,29

29 AD Mar 31 17:00 15 Tue April 3, 29 AD/March 22, 30 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

30 AD Mar. 20 18:00 16 Sat March 23, 30 AD/Mar 11, 31 AD = 354 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

31 AD Mar. 9 23:00 17 Wed March 12, 31 AD/March 29, 32 AD = 384 = 30, 30, 29, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

32 AD Mar. 27 20:00 18 Tue March 30, 32 AD/March 18, 33 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

33 AD Mar. 17 10:00 19 Sat March 19, 33 AD/April 6, 34 AD = 384 = 29,30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29(Fri. Apr 1=N 14)

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34 AD April 5 12:00 1 Fri April 7, 34 AD/March 27, 35 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 0(Thur.Apr20=N14)

35 AD Mar. 26 4:00 2 Wed March 28, 35 AD/March 16, 36 AD =355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

36 AD Mar. 14 15:00 3 Mon March 17, 36 AD/April 3, 37 AD = 383 = 29, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

37 AD April 2 10:00 4 Sat April 4, 37 AD/March 23, 38 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

As we can see from the above, the month of Nisan in 1 AD begins on the evening of March 13^th with then March 14^th being the first day. This would thus indicate that the Savior’s birthday, the 11^th of the 1^st month or Nisan, would then be on the 24^th of March in 1 AD. The rotation pattern as used in this study is beneficial in the fact that it provides a method to find the new moons from which then the ripening of the barley can determine the right new moon for the beginning of the year. Again, remember we were told the Lord gives us patterns in all things. Below is a chart of “Hebrew and Julian/Gregorian Calendar Comparisons” using the years from 38 BC to 38 AD. The year 1 AD was used for mathematical convenience in the below cycle chart to begin cycle 1. Since the original Hebrew calendar year began in the September time period and was changed for the Israelites at the time of Moses, and since the moon was used for both calendars and the Israelites were descended from the Hebrews, I have occasionally used the names Hebrew and Israelite interchangeably when talking about the calendars since Israelites were also Hebrews.

Chart 2—Hebrew and Julian/Gregorian Calendar Comparisons, 38 BC-38 AD

With the Hebrew year cycle in 1 AD being the year cycle 1

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Hebrew Astronomical Hebrew Julian calendar dates # Number of days in each of the Hebrew months for the

Year New Moon cycle changed to of years shown, also showing the19 year cycle, with the

Begins near or year Gregorian calendar days 1^st cycle year shown as 1, the 2^nd as 2, etc, and the first

in preceding of dates that correspond in month being the first Hebrew month of the Hebrew

Julian date 19 with the Hebrew the year, originally Abib, now known as Nissan or Nisan,

Year of Year calendar dates in year with the first Gregorian day being the first of the month

of Equinox cycle the 19 year cycle shown of Nisan, but with the Hebrew day starting the evening before

38 BC 1 April 12, 38 BC/Mar 31, 37 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

37 BC 2 April 1, 37 BC/March 20, 36 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

36 BC 3 March 21, 36 BC/April 8, 35 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

35 BC 4 April 9, 35 BC/March 28, 34 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

34 BC 5 March 29, 34 BC/March 17, 33 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

33 BC 6 March 18, 33 BC/April 5, 32 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

32 BC 7 April 6, 32 BC/March 25, 31 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

31 BC 8 March 26, 31 BC/April 13, 30 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

30 BC 9 April 14, 30 BC/April 2, 29 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

29 BC 10 April 3, 29 BC/ March 22, 28 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

28 BC 11 Mar. 23, 28 BC/ April 10, 27 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

27 BC 12 April 11, 27 BC/ Mar 30, 26 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

26 BC(Greenwich time)13 Mar 31, 26 BC/March 18, 25 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

25 BC Mar 17 12:00 14 March 19, 25 BC/April 6, 24 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

24 BC April 5 5:00 15 April 7, 24 BC/March 26, 23 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

23 BC Mar. 25 9:00 16 March 27, 23 BC/March 16, 22 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

22 BC Mar. 14 19:00 17 March 17, 22 BC/April 3, 21 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

21 BC April 1 19:00 18 April 4, 21 BC/March 24, 20 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

20 BC Mar. 22 13:00 19 March 25, 20 BC/April 11, 19 BC = 383 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

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19 BC April 10 13:00 1 April 12, 19 BC/April 1, 18 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

18 BC Mar 31 2:00 2 April 2, 18 BC/March 20, 17 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

17 BC Mar. 19 8:00 3 March 21, 17 BC/April 8, 16 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

16 BC April 7 0:01 4 April 9, 16 BC/March 28, 15 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

15 BC Mar 27 1:00 5 March 29, 15 BC/March 17, 14 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

14 BC Mar. 16 6:00 6 March 18, 14 BC/April 4, 13 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

13 BC April 3 4:00 7 April 5, 13 BC/March 25, 12 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

12 BC Mar. 23 19:00 8 March 26, 12 BC/April 13, 11 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

11 BC April 11 20:00 9 April 14, 11 BC/April 2, 10 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

10 BC April 1 12:00 10 April 3, 10 BC/March 22, 9 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

9 BC Mar. 20 23:00 11 March 23, 9 BC/April 10, 8 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

8 BC April 8 18:00 12 April 11, 8 BC/Mar 30, 7 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

7 BC Mar. 28 19:00 13 Mar 31, 7 BC/March 19, 6 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

6 BC Mar. 17 21:00 14 March 20, 6 BC/April 6, 5 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

5 BC April 4 17:00 15 Sun April 7, 5 BC/March 26, 4 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

4 BC Mar. 25 4:00 16 Thur March 27, 4 BC/March 16, 3 BC = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29,0

3 BC Mar. 14 19:00 17 Tue March 17, 3 BC/April 4, 2 BC = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

2 BC April 2 21:00 18 Mon April 5, 2 BC/March 23, 1 BC = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

1 BC Mar. 22 12:00 19 Fri March 24, 1 BC/April 11, 1 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29 (Apr 6=Nisan 14

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1 AD April 10 9:00 1Thur April 12, 1 AD/Mar 31, 2 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0(Apr 17 = Nisan 6)

2 AD Mar 30 14:00 2 Tue April 2, 2 AD/March 21, 3 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

3 AD Mar. 19 15:00 3 Sat March 22, 3 AD/April 7, 4 AD = 383 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

4 AD April 6 9:00 4 Thur April 8, 4 AD/March 28, 5 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

5 AD Mar. 26 14:00 5 Tue March 29, 5 AD/Mar 17, 6 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

6 AD Mar. 16 3:00 6 Sat March 18, 6 AD/April 5, 7 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

7 AD April 4 4:00 7 April 6, 7 AD/March 25, 8 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

8 AD Mar. 23 21:00 8 March 26, 8 AD/April 13, 9 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

9 AD April 11 21:00 9 April 14, 9 AD/April 2, 10 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

10 AD April 1 6:00 10 April 3, 10 AD/March 22, 11 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

11 AD Mar. 21 10:00 11 March 23, 11 AD/April 9, 12 AD = 385 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

12 AD April 8 3:00 12 April 10, 12 AD/Mar. 29, 13 AD = 353 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 29, 0

13 AD Mar. 28 5:00 13 Mar 30, 13 AD/March 18, 14 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

14 AD Mar. 17 12:00 14 March 19, 14 AD/April 6, 15 AD = 383 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

15 AD April 5 11:00 15 April 7, 15 AD/March 26, 16 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

16 AD Mar. 25 4:00 16 March 27, 16 AD/March 16, 17 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

17 AD Mar 14 20:00 17 March 17, 17 AD/April 4, 18 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

18 AD April 2 19:00 18 April 5, 18 AD/March 24, 19 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

19 AD Mar. 23 3:00 19 March 25, 19 AD/April 11, 20 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

6940

20 AD April 9 21:00 1 Sun April 12, 20 AD/Mar 31, 21 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29,0

21 AD Mar. 29 22:00 2 Thu April 1, 21 AD/March 20, 22 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

22 AD Mar. 19 1:00 3 Mon March 21, 22 AD/April 8, 23 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

23 AD April 6 22:00 4 Sun April 9, 23 AD/March 27, 24 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

24 AD Mar. 26 11:00 5 Thur March 28, 24 AD/March 17, 25 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

25 AD Mar. 16 4:00 6 Tue March 18, 25 AD/April 5, 26 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

26 AD April 4 5 :00 7 Mon April 6, 26 AD/March 26, 27 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

27 AD Mar. 24 17:00 8 Sat March 27, 27 AD/April 13, 28 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

28 AD April 11 14:00 9 Fri April 14, 28 AD/April 2, 29 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

29 AD Mar 31 17:00 10 Tue April 3, 29 AD/March 22, 30 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

30 AD Mar. 20 18:00 11 Sat March 23, 30 AD/April 9, 31 AD = 383 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

31 AD April 8 12:00 12 Thur April 10, 31 AD/March 29, 32 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

32 AD Mar. 27 20:00 13 Tue Mar 30, 32 AD/March 18, 33 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

33 AD Mar. 17 10:00 14 Sat March 19, 33 AD/April 6, 34 AD = 384 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29(Fri.Apr 1=N 14)

34 AD April 5 12:00 15 Fri April 7, 34 AD/March 27, 35 AD = 355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 0(Thur.Apr20=N14)

35 AD Mar. 26 4:00 16 Wed March 28, 35 AD/March 16, 36 AD =355 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

36 AD Mar. 14 15:00 17 Mon March 17, 36 AD/April 3, 37 AD = 383 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 29

37 AD April 2 10:00 18 Sat April 4, 37 AD/March 23, 38 AD = 354 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 0

38 AD Mar. 22 12:00 19 Wed March 24, 38 AD/April 11, 39 AD = 385 = 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 29, 30, 30, 30, 29, 30, 30, 29

6940

Once one has an understanding of the workings of the Moon and Sun calendars they can be used as tools to find God’s Holy Days and appointed times as mentioned in the scriptures. The “Calendar Comparison Chart” below compares the Julian and the Gregorian sun calendars with the Hebrew Moon calendar and the Julian Day number calendar. The Julian Day number calendar is both useful for determining the week days as well as being used as a double check against the two sun calendars. From the “Calendar Comparison Chart” below one can then convert the Julian dates to the corrected Gregorian date (Julian dates were used from 44 BC until October 4, 1582 AD in most of the Christian world, and in England and the United States until September 2^nd of 1752). That is done by finding the number of days by which the two calendars differed in the century you are looking at and simply making the necessary adjustment by that many days. Again the Julian Day Number calendar is a good double check to make sure the computations are correct.

Below is Chart 3, a chart that shows the change in days from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in the various centuries. It also shows the one day change every 231 years between the sun or Gregorian calendar and the moon or Hebrew/Israelite calendar with the year 1 AD being the midpoint for the moon calendar. The Chart 4 below is an extended Chart 3 showing several examples of computed moon times so one can get an understanding of how to find the moon calendar from this method. For example, if we look at the year 1830 AD on Chart 5 below we see the Astronomical new moon on March 24^th at 14:51 universal time (Greenwich, England time). Since the cutoff is around 13:00 universal time for seeing the visible new moon on the following evening, we know that the new moon that year should have been seen on the evening of the 26^th of March, making the day of March 27^th the 1^st of Nisan in 1830. The 11^th of Nisan, then, would be 10 days later on the 6^th of April, which it was, thus making April 6^th also the 11^th of Nisan and the Savior’s birthday that year. That year and day was also the time the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was established. Thus that Church was established on the Savior’s birthday, Nisan 11.

As we again look at Chart 5 in 1830, we see after March 24 and the time of 14:51, the number 6 just before the date of March 27^th. That is the cycle rotation number for that year, and is still the same cycle rotation pattern established from Chart 2. If we now go back to Chart 2 and look at cycle 6 on that chart we will see that the 1^st of the month at that time was March 18^th in all four rotation patterns on that chart. Since in 1830 we know the month began on March 27^th we can see that there is a 9 day difference in the rotation pattern from 6 AD to 1830 AD.

If we now look at Chart 3 to see how many days the computed number should have been we will find that there should have been a computed change of just over 8 days. From Chart 6 below we see that this one day change from the computed day, and even sometimes a two day change, is expected in the actual normal rotation of the sun and moon calendars. Again, the leap year adjustments on both calendars as well as the egg shaped rotations of both the earth and the moon attributes to this variation. This same kind of change that we found going forward is what one can also expect when going backward into the BC time period.

The beauty of the above is that, although it is not a perfect science, the rotation of the moon can be determined fairly accurately and accurately enough to determine the most likely time of the moons in the past and future for our study. As one continues to study this phenomena it should also be seen that the Lord has built into His celestial calendar system just enough flexibility to place His Holy Days where He wants them over the millennia’s, from the beginning of the rotation of this earth in this solar system to the end. This allowed flexibility is also why I have earlier stated one needs a certain amount of faith in this process as it is a mathematical rotation system with slight flexibility.

From Chart 2 above that is given for four 19 year Hebrew calendar cycles around 1 AD, one can find the proper time or cycle number of the moon in the time frame one is looking in. This is done by using the cycles to count back to the year you are looking at to see what cycle it would be. Using that information along with the “Calendar Comparison Chart”, one can then calculate and find the amount of days one needs to adjust for, keeping in mind that 1 AD is the time or starting point from which the Hebrew calendar is adjusted from on that Chart 2 above as well as Chart 3 and 4 below.

Chart 3—Calendar Comparison Chart

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) *Variable day difference expected in the Hebrew 19 year cycle with year 1 AD being the center point

Julian Gregorian Day of Julian (there is a 1 day loss every 231 years between the Hebrew and Gregorian calendars) and with the # in

Year date date Week # Date bold being the actual # of calculated days from 1 A D, the other #’s are the variable alternate days

4713 BC Jan 1 Nov 24 Mon 0 The beginning of the Julian day count calendar. The Gregorian date is in prior year.

4100 BC April 22 Mar 20 Thur 224,010.15 (-16/17/18/19)*should have changed about 18 days at 4158 BC from 1 AD

4000 BC April 22 Mar 21 Wen 260,535.15

3900 BC April 22 Mar 21 Tue 297,060.15 (-16/17/18)*at 4,000 yrs should have changed 17.3 days from 1 AD. This would make

3800 BC April 22 Mar 22 Mon 333,585.15 the new moon 17+- days earlier at 3990 BC than what is

3700 BC April 22 Mar 23 Sun 370,110.15 (-15/16/17)* shown at 1AD, as 1 AD and 3990 BC are both cycle 1.

3600 BC April 22 Mar 24 Sat 406,635.15 (-14/15/16/17)

3500 BC April 22 Mar 24 Fri 443,160.15 (-14/15/16)*change of 15 days at 3465 BC

3400 BC April 22 Mar 25 Thur 479,685.15 (-13/14/15/16)*

3300 BC April 22 Mar 26 Wen 516,210.15

3200 BC April 22 Mar 27 Tue 552,735.15 (-13/14/15)*change of about 14 days at 3234 BC

3100 BC April 22 Mar 27 Mon 589,260.15

3000 BC April 22 Mar 28 Sun 625,785.15 (-12/13/14)*should have changed about 13 days at 3003 BC

2900 BC April 22 Mar 29 Sat 662,310.15 (-11/12/13/14)

2800 BC April 22 Mar 30 Fri 698,835.15 (-11/12/13)

2700 BC April 22 Mar 30 Thur 735,360.15 (-10/11/12/13)*

2600 BC April 22 Mar 31 Wen 771,885.15 (-10/11/12)*at 2541BC

2500 BC April 22 April 1 Tue 808,410.15

2400 BC April 22 April 2 Mon 844,935.15 (-9/10/11/12)*

2300 BC April 22 April 2 Sun 881,460.15 (-9/10/11)*should have changed/lost about 10 days at 2310 BC

2200 BC April 22 April 3 Sat 917,985.15 (-8/9/10/11)*

2100 BC April 22 April 4 Fri 954,510.15 (-8/9/10)

2000 BC April 22 April 5 Thur 991,035.15

1900 BC April 22 April 5 Wen 1,027,560.15

1800 BC April 22 April 6 Tue 1,064,085.15 (-7/8/9)*should have changed about 8 days at 1858 BC, subtract

1700 BC April 22 April 7 Mon 1,100,610.15 8 days from sun calendar dates found in the proper cycle

1600 BC April 22 April 8 Sun 1,137,135.15 (-6/7/8)* to find the date for the new moon, cycle 5 in this case.

1500 BC April 22 April 8 Sat 1,173,660.15 moon date should be 6.5 days earlier here at 1491 BC

1400 BC April 22 April 9 Fri 1,210,185.15 (-5/6/7)*

1300 BC April 22 April 10 Thur 1,246,710.15

1200 BC April 22 April 11 Wen 1,283,235.15

1100 BC April 22 April 11 Tue 1,319,760.15 (-4/5/6)*

1000 BC April 22 April 12 Mon 1,356,285.15

900 BC April 22 April 13 Sun 1,392,810.15 (-3/4/5)*

800 BC April 22 April 14 Sat 1,429,335.15

700 BC April 22 April 14 Fri 1,465,860.15 (-2/3/4)* should have changed about 3 days at 693 BC

600 BC April 22 April 15 Thur 1,502,385.15

500 BC April 22 April 16 Wen 1,538,910.15 (-1/2/3)* should have changed about 2 days at 462 BC. Need to

400 BC April 22 April 17 Tue 1,575,435.15 subtract 2 days from sun calendar to find moon date

300 BC April 22 April 17 Mon 1,611,960.15 (-0/1/2)*

200 BC April 22 April 18 Sun 1,648,485.15

100 BC April 22 April 19 Sat 1,685,010.15 (-1/0/1)*

1 AD April 22 April 20 Fri 1,721,535.15 1 AD is the base time period for determining calendar time change

101 AD April 22 April 21 Thur 1,758,060.15 (-1/0/1)*

201 AD April 22 April 22 Wen 1,794,585.15

301 AD April 22 April 23 Tue 1,831,110.15 (0/1/2)*

401 AD April 22 April 23 Mon 1,867,635.15

501 AD April 22 April 24 Sun 1,904,160.15 (1/2/3)*

601 AD April 22 April 25 Sat 1,940,685.15

701 AD April 22 April 26 Fri 1,977,210.15 (2/3/4)*

801 AD April 22 April 26 Thur 2,013,735.15

901 AD April 22 April 27 Wen 2,050,260.15 (3/4/5)*

1001 AD April 22 April 28 Tue 2,086,785.15

1101 AD April 22 April 29 Mon 2,123,310.15 (4/5/6)*

1201 AD April 22 April 29 Sun 2,159,835.15

1301 AD April 22 April 30 Sat 2,196,360.15 (5/6/7)*Sun calendars should have gained about 6 days at 1386 AD.

1401 AD April 22 May 1 Fri 2,232,885.15 Need to add 6 days to sun calendar to find moon date

1501 AD April 22 May 2 Thur 2,269,410.15

1582 AD Oct 4 (was Oct 4) Thur 2,299,159.50

1582 AD Oct 5(now Oct 15) Fri 2,299,160.50

1601 AD April 22 May 2 Wen 2,305,935.15 (6/7/8)*about a 7 day change at 1617 AD

1701 AD April 22 May 3 Tue 2,342,460.15

1801 AD April 22 May 4 Mon 2,378,985.15 (6/7/8/9)*Sun calendars should have about an 8 day difference at 1848 AD

1901 AD April 22 May 5 Sun 2,415,510.15 (7/8/9/10)*

2001 AD April 22 May 5 Sat 2,452,035.15 (7/8/9/10)*Sun Calendars have gained 8.7 days on moon calendar from 1 AD

* Approximate number of days difference (plus in AD and minus in BC) in the 19 year cycle from the cycle beginning in AD 1. The number of days varies within the cycle as well as from cycle to cycle, thus creating the three day variation possibility.

Chart 4—Calendar Comparison Chart

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) *Variable day difference expected in the Hebrew 19 year cycle with year 1 AD being the center point

Julian Gregorian Day of Julian (there is a 1 day loss every 231 years between the Hebrew and Gregorian calendars) and with the # in

Year date date Week # Date bold being the actual # of calculated days from 1 A D, the other #’s are the variable alternate days

4100 BC April 22 Mar 20 Thur 224,010.15 (-17/18/19)*at 4158 BC should have lost 18 days from 1 AD

4070 BC April 22 Mar 21 Sat 234,967.15 (Sat., Mar 21,4070 BC, preparation day of Full moon, probable date of Adams fall

with earth coming to this solar system on that date and aligning with moon. )

4070 BC May 8 Apr 6 Mon 234,983.15 16(-18)(Mar 27-18=Mar 9= Nisan 1+29=Nisan 30 and Sun. April 6, 4070 BC

4001 BC April 30 Mar 29 Wed 260,178.15 9(-16)(Apr 14 -16=Mar29 =N 1;(Mar 29 -177 =Sept 21)(3/29to9/21=177)

4001 BC Oct 24 Sept 22 Fri 260,355.15 9(-16)see above Sept. 22 = Tishri 1 (New Years)= Adam leaves garden

4000 BC April 22 Mar 21 Wed 260,535.15 after 69½ years, on Fall Equinox and 1^st of Tishrei.

4000 BC May 8 April 6 Fri 260,551.15 10(-17)(Apr 3-17)=Mar 17=N1; = 3-27 Tue = N 11; 4-6 = N 21 Fri

3900 BC April 22 Mar 21 Tue 297,060.15 (-16/17/18)*at 3,927 yrs should have lost 17 days from 1 AD

3800 BC April 22 Mar 22 Mon 333,585.15

3700 BC April 22 Mar 23 Sun 370,110.15 (-15/16/17)*

3600 BC April 22 Mar 24 Sat 406,635.15

3500 BC April 22 Mar 24 Fri 443,160.15

3400 BC April 22 Mar 25 Thur 479,685.15 (-14/15/16)*

3379 BC July 18 June 21 Fri 487,442.15 4(-15)=Apr 8-15= Mar 24=N1= (June 21=T 1) = Birth of Enoch

3300 BC April 22 Mar 26 Wed 516,210.15 on Summer Solstice and Fri., 1^st of Tammuz

3200 BC April 22 Mar 27 Tue 552,735.15 (-13/14/15)*

3100 BC April 22 Mar 27 Mon 589,260.15 8(Mar26-13=3/13)3071 BC (Death of Adam, possibly in Fall on Sept 22,Tisheri 17

3000 BC April 22 Mar 28 Sun 625,785.14 (-12/13/14)* age of 999½ from his fall on March 21 of 4070 BC.)

2949 BC July 6 Jun 12 Fri 644,488.14 16(Mar 27-13=3/14)=Jun. 12, Fri. 1^st of Tammuz, see Appendix D

2944 BC April 13 Mar 20 Fri 646,229.50 2(-13)=April 2-13= (Mar 20=N1) = Birth of Noah on Spring Equinox.

2900 BC April 22 Mar 29 Sat 662,310.15 and 1^st of Nisan.

2800 BC April 22 Mar 30 Fri 698,835.15 (-11/12/13)*

2700 BC April 22 Mar 30 Thur 735,360.15

2600 BC April 22 Mar 31 Wed 771,885.15 (-10/11/12)*

2500 BC April 22 April 1 Tue 808,410.15

2400 BC April 22 April 2 Mon 844,935.15

2345 BC rain beg. Nov 10 Fri 865,246.15 12(-9)Apr 10-9)=Apr 1=N1=( Sept 25=T 1 Mon)= Nov 10^th = 17^th day of 2^nd Mo.

2344 BC off mtn Nov 9 Fri 865,610.15 13(-10)Mar 31-10 =Mar 21= N1, Mar 27=N6, (April 6=N17 Ark landed

2300 BC April 22 April 2 Sun 881,460.15 (-9/10/11)* on Mt Ararat on Fri. April 6^th)

2200 BC April 22 April 3 Sat 917,985.15

2100 BC April 22 April 4 Fri 954,510.15 (-8/9/10)*

2021 BC April 13 Mar 27 Thur 983,356.15 13(-9)(Mar 31-9)=Mar 22= N1; April 6 = N 16 ???Abraham’s birth

2000 BC April 22 April 5 Thur 991,035.15

1921 BC April 13 Mar 27 Wed 1,019,881.28 18(-9)(Apr 5 - 9) = March 27 = Nisan 1 Wed

1921 BC April 23 April 6 Sat 1,019,891.15 Wed April 10= N-15, Isaac’s birth,

1900 BC April 22 April 5 Wed 1,027,560.15 (-7/8/9)*

1888 BC April 22 April 6 Thur 1,031,943.15 13(Mar 31-7)=3/24=(4/6 =N14); 13(Mar 31-9=3/22 =N1=(3/27=N6)

1861 BC April 12 Mar 27 Sun 1,041,795.28 2(-8) Sun, March 27 = Nisan 4

1861 BC April 22 April 6 Wed 1,041,805.28 2(-9)(April 1-9)=3/23=N1,Wen, April 6 =Nisan15 Jacob’s birth ???

1800 BC April 22 April 6 Tue 1,064,085.15

1777 BC April 11 Mar 27 Sat 1,072,475.15 10(Apr 3-7)Sat. March 27 = Nisan 1 , Sat, April 10 = N15

1777 BC April 21 April 6 Tue 1,072,485.15 10(-7)Tue April 6= N-11, Savior’s birthday, possible Jacob’s Marriage, or possibly

(N10^th), day of selection for Leah, and (N17^th) day of resurrection, for Rachel.

1776 BC Jan 19 Jan 4 Tue 1,072,758.15 Possible date of Reuben’s birth, also date of perihelion, under Aquarius

1774 BC April 22 April 7 Sat 1,073,586.15

1700 BC April 22 April 7 Mon 1,100,610.15

1600 BC April 22 April 8 Sun 1,137,135.15 (-6/7/8)*should be a 7 day change at 1617 BC

1571 BC April 20 April 6 Sat 1,147,725.15 7(-8)April 6-8=Mar 29=N1; Sept 22=Tishri 1 (Moses birth 1^st of 11^th mo, Jan 29)

1531 BC April 20 April 6 Sun 1,162,335.15 9(-8)Apr.14-8)=April 6 = N 1; Sunday (year Moses left Egypt)

1500 BC April 22 April 8 Sat 1,173,660.15

1491 BC April 11 Mar 29 Sat 1,176,936.15 11(-7)Mar (23-7)16=N1= Sat, March 29 = Nisan 14; Passover Prep Day. Israelites

1491 BC April 22 April 9 Wed 1,176,947.40 leave Egypt Sun., Mar. 30^th, 1491 BC, the 10^th day of Spring Equinox

1451 BC April 15 April 2 Thur 1,191,550.15 13(-7)Mar 30-7 = (3/23=N1) = (Wed 4/1=N10Water)(Mon April 6 = N 15; 17^th day S.E.)

1446 BC April 11 Mar 29 Sat 1,193,372.15 18(-7)April 5-7=(3/29=N1) also = 9/22 =Tishrei 1, End of Israelite war

1400 BC April 22 April 9 Fri 1,210,185.15 (-5/6/7)* should be a 6 day change at 1386 BC

1300 BC April 22 April 10 Thur 1,246,710.15

1200 BC April 22 April 11 Wed 1,283,235.15

1100 BC April 22 April 11 Tue 1,319,760.15 (-4/5/6)* should be a 5 day change at 1155 BC

1000 BC April 22 April 12 Mon 1,356,285.15

975 BC April 5 Mar 27 Mon 1,365,398.15 14(-5)(3-19)=March 14= N1 or March 24^th = N11, Savior’s birthday

900 BC April 22 April 13 Sun 1,392,810.15 (-3/4/5)

800 BC April 22 April 14 Sat 1,429,335.15

700 BC April 22 April 14 Fri 1,465,860.15 (-2/3/4)*should have lost about 3 days at 700 BC

600 BC Mar 31 Mar 24 Wed 1,502,363.15 Wed. March 24 = Nisan 11

600 BC April 22 April 15 Thur 1,502,385.15 9(-2)April 14-2=April 12 =Iyar 1; thus March 24= N11

500 BC April 22 April 16 Wed 1,538,910.15 (-1/2/3)* should have lost about 2 days at 462 BC

457BC April 1 March 27 Mon 1,554,595.15 19(-1)Mar24-2=Mar22=N 1, April 1=N 11, April 6=N 16,Thur

400 BC April 22 April 17 Tue 1,575,435.15

300 BC April 22 April 17 Mon 1,611,960.15 (-0/1/2)*

200 BC April 22 April 18 Sun 1,648,485.15

100 BC April 22 April 19 Sat 1,685,010.15 1 (-0)

5 BC April 19 April 17 Wed 1,719,706.15 1 Sat April 20 = 14 Nisan; Wed, (April 17 = N 11)

1 AD April 22 April 20 Fri 1,721,535.15 1 Tue March 27 = 14 Nisan; Sat, (March 24 = Nisan 11 )

26 AD April 22 April 20 Mon 1,730,666.40 7 Sun April 19 = 14 Nisan

27 AD April 22 April 20 Tue 1,731,031.65 8 Fri April 9 = 14 Nisan (7 BC birth)

28 AD April 22 April 20 Thur 1,731,396.90 9 Wed Apr 26 = 14 Nisan

29 AD April 22 April 20 Fri 1,731,762.15 10 Mon, Apr 16 = 14 Nisan

30 AD April 22 April 20 Sat 1,732,127.40 11 Fri, April 5 = 14 Nisan (4 BC birth)

31 AD April 22 April 20 Sun 1,732,492.65 12 Wed, Apr 23 = 14 Nisan

32 AD April 22 April 20 Tue 1,732,857.90 13 Mon Apr 12 = 14 Nisan

33 AD April 22 April 20 Wed 1,733,223.15 14 Fri April 1 = 14 Nisan (1 BC birth)

34 AD April 22 April 20 Thur 1,733,588.40 15 Thur Apr 20 = 14 Nisan; Mon, (April 17 = N 11) (1 AD birth)

35 AD April 22 April 20 Fri 1,733,953.65 16 (-0) Tue April 10 = 14 Nisan

101 AD April 22 April 21 Thur 1,758,060.15 (-0)

201 AD April 22 April 22 Wed 1,794,585.15

301 AD April 22 April 23 Tue 1,831,110.15 (0/1/2)*

401 AD April 22 April 23 Mon 1,867,635.15

501 AD April 22 April 24 Sun 1,904,160.15 (1/2/3)*

601 AD April 22 April 25 Sat 1,940,685.15

701 AD April 22 April 26 Fri 1,977,210.15 (2/3/4)*

801 AD April 22 April 26 Thur 2,013,735.15

901 AD April 22 April 27 Wed 2,050,260.15 (3/4/5)*

1001 AD April 22 April 28 Tue 2,086,785.15

1101 AD April 22 April 29 Mon 2,123,310.15

1201 AD April 22 April 29 Sun 2,159,835.15 (4/5/6)*

1301 AD April 22 April 30 Sat 2,196,360.15

1401 AD April 22 May 1 Fri 2,232,885.15 (5/6/7)*

1492 AD April 22 May 1 Sun 2,266,123.15

1501 AD April 22 May 2 Thur 2,269,410.15

1582 AD Oct 4 (was Oct 4) Thur 2,299,159.50

1582 AD Oct 5(now Oct 15) Fri 2,299,160.50

1601 AD April 22 May 2 Wed 2,305,935.15 (6/7/8)*

1701 AD April 22 May 3 Tue 2,342,460.15

1752 AD Sept 2(was Sept 2) Wed In England and America they still used Julian time until this date.

1752 AD Sept 3(now Sept 14) Thur Calendar change made between Sept 2^nd and Sept 3^rd in England and America

1774 AD April 22 May 3 Tue 2,369,123.15 Tue April 19 = Nisan 7

1775 AD April 22 May 3 Wed 2,369,488.15 Wed April 19 = Nisan 18

1783 AD April 7 April 19 Sat 2,372,396.15 16(8) Sat April 19 = Nisan 16, day of wave offering

1801 AD April 22 May 4 Mon 2,378,985.15 (7/8/9)*

1805 AD Dec 11 Dec 23 Mon 2,380,679.15 Dec 23 and Tevet 1= Birth of Joseph Smith on Winter Solstice and 1^st of Tevet.

1820 AD Mar 14 Mar 26 \ Sun Mar 26, Sunday = Nisan 11^th=Possible date of “First Vision”

1827 AD Sept 22 Sat Sept 22 =Tishri 1 in 1827, Hebrew New Years day, received plates

1830 AD April 22 May 4 Tue 2,389,577.15 6(9) Tue April 6 = Nisan 11, birthday of Christ.

1833 AD April 22 May 4 Sat 2,390,673.15 Hebrew Cycle, Sat April 6 = Nisan 17, resurrection day of Christ

1836 AD Mar 15 Mar 27 Sun 2,391,731.15 Sun Mar 27 = Kirtland Temple dedication, Sun. evening begins the Hebrew 10^th day

with the following Sunday the 16^th and the day of the wave offering.

1901 AD April 22 May 5 Sun 2,415,510.15 1(8/9/10)*

1922 AD April 22 May 5 Fri 2,423,180.15 3(8) Thur April 6 = Nisan 8

2001 AD April 22 May 5 Sat 2,452,035.15 (8/9/10)*should have gained 8.7 days from 1 AD

2022 AD April 22 May 5 Thur 2,459,705.15 8(8) Tue April 19 = Nisan 17

4001 AD Sept. 23 Sun. 3,182,661.15

4070 AD Mar. 24 Mon. 3,207,680.15

The above chart has examples of calculations from using the “Hebrew and Julian/Gregorian Calendar Comparisons, 38 BC-38 AD with the Hebrew year in 1 AD being the year cycle 1”, with the first “Calendar Comparison Chart” above in Chart 3.

By using the four rotations of the Hebrew calendar above as found in Chart 2, one can determine the new Moons in prior years through their rotations and through using the “Chart 3--Calendar Comparison Chart”. The first “Calendar Comparison Chart” as found in Chart 3 above that I have made shows the adjustments necessary between the various calendars. It also shows the relationship of those changes between the calendars from century to century between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Also included on that chart is a comparison of the Julian Day Number date to get a little of the feel of what it is and how it also works and can be used and to verify that the dates on the chart are accurate.

The Hebrew moon calendar change created by the one day change every 231 years is also noted on the right hand side of this comparison chart. It is now possible to find sites on the internet that will convert Julian and Gregorian time, but many of those sites are not correct, being off sometimes by a day, sometimes by a year or some other factor. By using the “Calendar Comparison Chart” above as a reference, you can determine if the site is accurate or by what factor it is that you might adjust for the error.

The Julian Number Date (show in column 5 above in the Calendar Comparison Chart) is the absolute count of days that have elapsed since noon, Monday, January 1 of 4713 BC on the Julian calendar as applied to an era prior to its actual use. The device of Julian Day Number was introduced by Joseph Scalinger (1540-1609) and named after his father Julius. It effectively ended the use of the Egyptian calendar and the Era of Nabonasser for astronomical purposes.

The Julian Number Day calendar, not to be confused with the Julian Calendar, began on Monday 1-1-4713 Julian time which was also Monday 11-24-4714 BC Gregorian time, that day being numbered day 0, with Tuesday Jan. 2, being day 1. It is through this calendar that the day of the week can be determined by dividing the whole number of the Julian Day Number by 7, the remainder then giving the day of the week by counting Monday as a remainder of 0, Tuesday as 1, etc.

For example the whole number for Julian date April 22, 1 AD, which is also the Gregorian date of April 20, 1 AD, is the Julian number day of 1,721,535. When that number is divided by 7, there is a remainder of 4. With Monday being 0, then 4 would translate into Friday, which it was that year on that date. See the calendar for April 20, 1 AD in Appendix E to better understand and see this. When the Gregorian sun calendar leap year days are factored into the Hebrew moon calendar rotation it affects the Hebrew calendar in its day relationship to the sun calendars. Each year is somewhat affected as each year has a part of a day adjustment that is only accounted for every four years. These things have been taken into account in the “Calendar Comparison Chart” above.

As mentioned above, the Hebrew calendar is also affected by the rotation pattern of the moon as the moon does not circle the earth in a pure circle but more of an egg shaped circle. That also has a slight effect on the beginnings of the months over time which contributes to the dates moving slightly back and forth by a part of a day or a day which contributes to the occasional selection of an alternate date over the preferred date as shown or alluded to on the “Calendar Comparison Chart”. Yet, as has been previously mentioned, the biggest change to compensate for between the Moon and Sun calendars is the loss of one day every 231 years between the Hebrew Moon and the Gregorian Sun calendars.

The just of this study relies heavily on the accuracy of the sun and moon calendars and how they can be used together. As you should have observed from all of the above, the rotations of the Moon, Earth and the Sun, although they have their peculiarities, are very measurable and over time precise enough in a way for us to use in this study.

The Hebrew calendar is affected by the rotation pattern of the moon as the moon does not circle the earth in a pure circle but as mentioned above, is more of an egg shaped circle. That also has a slight effect on the beginnings of the months over time which contributes to the dates moving slightly back and forth by a part of a day or a day which, along with the sun leap year, contributes to the occasional selection of an alternate date over the preferred date as shown or alluded to on the “Calendar Comparison Chart”.

Yet the biggest change to compensate for between the Moon and Sun calendars again comes from that loss of one day every 231 years between the Hebrew Moon calendar and the Gregorian Sun calendar. It is by using the rotations found from the 19 year cycles and then using the information from the other charts that show the necessary adjustments needed to be made between the moon and the sun calendars over time, that we can see the patterns by which to find the most likely appearance of the new moon’s in the time period before Christ.

When I discovered the new moons from the information found from the U. S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department site, I played with developing my own 19 year rotation for those new moons over the years, mostly to help me understand how the process worked. It is from looking at the new moon’s from that data that I determined my 19 year rotation patterns. The rule for the pattern is that the 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 17, and 19^th years of the rotation are leap years. Also, all non- leap years must have 353, 354 or 355 days in them. All leap years must have 383, 384 or 385 days in them. Those are the same normal rules used by the moon calendar experts. I just picked a different starting time for my rotations than is normally used for the 1 AD time period.

The charts above called “Hebrew and Julian/Gregorian Calendar Comparisons” and Chart 5 below called “Our Current Calendar from 1730 to 2033 AD” were made using these rules. The right side of those charts shows the numbers 29, 30 repeated twelve or thirteen times for each year. Those are the days in each month and they do total to be the number of days in the year that they are supposed to be. The total of the 19 years in the rotation also usually has a total of 6,940 days for the nineteen years in the rotation, but occasionally it will total to 6,939. There were not enough rotations in the 1730 to 2030 AD year chart to understand why they totaled this way, but it appeared to be done somewhat randomly. It may be a pattern, but I have not seen where anyone has made any comments concerning this pattern.

The only point I would like to make in this is that, again, there is a fairly set pattern in the moon rotation which does not allow for a lot of wiggle room to make up what you want by changing moon dates. Any rotation pattern one comes up with should still have the proper number of days in the year at the very least, and should fit the 6939 and 6940 day count for the 19 year rotation. Mainly, the New Moon date should be determined from the best scientific data available to be the most accurate. The pattern used does not change the actual time of any moon but a different pattern can change the start of some of the years in that pattern by using a different moon for the beginning of the year.

As you can see there is a consistency in these cycles for the new moon to appear on the same date in the same cycle number in other rotations, with an occasional one day change for a few of the rotations. Along with that movement the one day change every 231 years between the Hebrew moon calendar and the Gregorian sun calendar must also be taken into account in locating the new moons of other periods. The Calendar Comparison Chart’s that are shown above were made to indicate and show these minor changes over the years so one could adjust for them. By looking on the “Chart 3-Calendar Comparison Chart,” one can find the amount of adjustment necessary to bring the base cycle patterns of the 1 AD period in alignment with the year you are looking at. This then makes it possible for one to find the new moons in the various years by, after adjusting for those minor changes, placing the cycle rotation from the 1 AD era over the years you are looking at.

I also created a similar comparison for the years 1730 AD to 2033 AD from the U. S. Naval information. The below chart contains the new moons for the years between 1730 AD and 2033 AD as found from the information provided by the U. S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department and that continues the pattern that began in 1 AD as found of Chart 2. By comparing the above rotation patterns in the above cycles at the time of Christ to the rotation patterns found in the years from 1730 to 2033 AD, we are able to see the change in the rotations through the pattern from the time of the Savior to the present. As mention earlier above, that change is then what can be expected as one goes back into the BC time period. It is by adjusting for this change, as well as determining the rotation pattern of the moon, that you can then find the new moon of the particular year and month you are looking for.

Again, this information for the dates for the new moon and the beginning of the new month was compiled using the year 1 AD being the 1^st year in the 1^st rotation and with the year beginning on April 12^th rather than the date of March 14^th as determined by the agricultural rules used at the time of Christ. Using the alternate month does not change the actual rotation time of the moon because it is what it is. We are just using a different rotation or moon month.

Chart 5—Our Current Calendar from 1730 AD to 2033 AD A continuation

of the above calendar (Cycle 1 in 1 AD)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Astronomical moon Hebrew Days of Hebrew year Days Days in Hebrew months with the first

(universal time)after leap with first day being in month on the left being the month

Spring Equinox years 1^st of Nisan year of Nisan with the next month following

1730 April 17 8:21 1 April 19, 1730/April 8, 1731 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1731 April 6 17:26 2 April 9, 1731/Mar. 27, 1732 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1732 Mar. 26 8:13 3 Mar. 28, 1732/April 15, 1733 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1733 April 14 9:17 4 April 16, 1733/April 5, 1734 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1734 April 4 1:03 5 April 6, 1734/Mar. 25, 1735 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1735 Mar. 24 11:37 6 Mar. 26, 1735/April 12, 1736 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1736 April 11 7:35 7 April 13, 1736/April 1, 1737 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1737 Mar. 31 8:28 8 April 2, 1737/April 20, 1738 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1738 April 19 1:28 9 April 21, 1738/April 9,1739 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1739 April 8 0:20 10 April 10, 1739/Mar. 29,1740 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1740 Mar. 27 16:12 11 Mar. 30, 1740/April 17,1741 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1741 April 15 16:28 12 April 18, 1741/April 6, 1742 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1742 April 5 9:04 13 April 7, 1742/Mar. 27, 1743 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1743 Mar. 25 23:39 14 Mar. 28, 1743/April 14, 1744 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1744 April 12 22:07 15 April 15, 1744/April 3, 1745 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1745 April 2 3:10 16 April 4, 1745/Mar. 23, 1746 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1746 Mar. 22 3:12 17 Mar. 24, 1746/April 11, 1747 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1747 April 9 21:04 18 April 12, 1747/Mar. 30, 1748 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1748 Mar. 29 2:56 19 Mar. 31, 1748/April 18, 1749 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1749 April 17 1:12 1 April 19, 1749/April 8, 1750 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1750 April 6 16:19 2 April 9, 1750/Mar. 28, 1751 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1751 Mar. 27 8:41 3 Mar. 29, 1751/April 15, 1752 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1752 April 14 8:54 4 April 16, 1752/April 5, 1753 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1753 April 3 19:13 5 April 6, 1753/Mar. 25, 1754 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1754 Mar. 23 22:12 6 Mar. 26, 1754/April 13, 1755 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1755 April 11 15:32 7 April 14, 1755/April 1, 1756 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1756 Mar. 30 16:58 8 April 2, 1756/April 19, 1757 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1757 April 18 12:51 9 April 20, 1757/April 9,1758 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1758 April 8 0:20 10 April 10,1758/Mar. 30,1759 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1759 Mar. 28 16:12 11 Mar. 31, 1759/April 17,1760 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1760 April 15 17:05 12 April 18, 1760/April 6, 1761 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1761 April 5 7:33 13 April 7, 1761/Mar. 27, 1762 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1762 Mar. 25 15:37 14 Mar. 28, 1762/April 14, 1763 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1763 April 13 10:19 15 April 15, 1763/April 2, 1764 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1764 April 1 10:25 16 April 3, 1764/Mar. 22, 1765 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1765 Mar. 21 13:17 17 Mar. 23, 1765/April 10, 1766 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1766 April 9 10:37 18 April 11, 1766/Mar. 31, 1767 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1767 Mar. 29 23:43 19 April 1, 1767/April 18, 1768 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1768 April 17 0:19 1 April 19, 1768/April 8, 1769 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1769 April 6 16:46 2 April 9, 1769/Mar. 28, 1770 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1770 Mar. 27 5:37 3 Mar. 29, 1770/April 16, 1771 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29(T1=9/22)

1771 April 15 2:40 4 April 17, 1771/April 4, 1772 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1772 April 3 5:26 5 April 5, 1772/Mar. 24, 1773 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1773 Mar. 23 5:27 6 Mar. 25, 1773/April 12, 1774 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1774 April 11 0:19 7 April 13, 1774/April 1, 1775 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0(T1=10/7)

1775 Mar. 31 8:46 8 April 2, 1775/April 19, 1776 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29 (war started 18 N,

1776 April 18 8:11 9 April 20, 1776/April 9,1777 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0 the 17^th being the

1777 April 8 0:19 10 April 10,1777/Mar. 30,1778 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0 resurrection day)

1778 Mar. 28 16:06 11 Mar. 31, 1778/April 17,1779 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1779 April 16 1:02 12 April 18, 1779/April 5, 1780 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1780 April 4 12:51 13 April 6, 1780/Mar. 26, 1781 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1781 Mar. 25 0:14 14 Mar. 27, 1781/April 14, 1782 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1782 April 12 17:32 15 April 15, 1782/April 3, 1783 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1783 April 1 20:53 16 April 4, 1783/Mar. 22, 1784 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0 (war ended 16 N, the day

1784 Mar. 21 7:19 17 Mar. 23, 1784/April 10, 1785 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29 of the wave offering)

1785 April 9 7:46 18 April 11, 1785/Mar. 31, 1786 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1786 Mar. 30 0:12 19 April 1, 1786/April 19, 1787 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1787 April 18 0:42 1 April 20, 1787/April 8, 1788 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1788 April 6 13:21 2 April 9, 1788/Mar. 28, 1789 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1789 Mar. 26 18:52 3 Mar. 29, 1789/April 15, 1790 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1790 April 14 12:30 4 April 16, 1790/April 4, 1791 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1791 April 3 12:45 5 April 5, 1791/Mar. 24, 1792 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1792 Mar. 22 17:57 6 Mar. 25, 1792/April 12, 1793 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1793 April 10 16:36 7 April 13, 1793/April 1, 1794 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1794 Mar. 31 7:25 8 April 2, 1794/April 20, 1795 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1795 April 19 8:19 9 April 21, 1795/April 9,1796 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1796 April 8 0:05 10 April 10,1796/Mar. 29,1797 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1797 Mar. 28 10:47 11 Mar. 30, 1797/April 17,1798 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1798 April 16 6:20 12 April 18, 1798/April 6, 1799 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1799 April 5 7:24 13 April 7, 1799/Mar. 26, 1800 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1800 Mar. 25 8:21 14 Mar. 27, 1800/April 14, 1801 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1801 April 13 4:22 15 April 15, 1801/April 4, 1802 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1802 April 2 15:19 16 April 5, 1802/Mar. 24, 1803 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1803 Mar. 23 7:02 17 Mar. 25, 1803/April 11, 1804 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1804 April 10 8:18 18 April 12, 1804/April 1, 1805 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1805 Mar. 30 22:59 19 April 2, 1805/April 20, 1806 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29(T1=9/25)(Dec 23, 1805 =

1805 Dec 21 2:27 Dec 23, 1805 (2% of moon on evening of Dec 22 making Dec 23 the 1^st day of the 10^th month) Joseph’s birth

6940 beg. of winter and the beg. of Tevet 1, the 10^h mo.)

1806 April 18 20:56 1 April 21, 1806/April 9, 1807 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1807 April 8 2:11 2 April 10, 1807/Mar. 28, 1808 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1808 Mar. 27 2:17 3 Mar. 29, 1808/April 16, 1809 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1809 April 14 19:57 4 April 17, 1809/April 5, 1810 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1810 April 4 1:40 5 April 6, 1810/Mar. 26, 1811 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1811 Mar. 24 14:18 6 Mar. 27, 1811/April 13,1812 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1812 April 11 15:28 7 April 14, 1812/April 2, 1813 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1813 April 1 7:59 8 April 3, 1813/April 21, 1814 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1814 April 20 7:34 9 April 22, 1814/April 11,1815 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1815 April 9 18:21 10 April 12,1815/Mar. 30,1816 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1816 Mar. 28 21:31 11 Mar. 31, 1816/April 18,1817 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1817 April 16 14:27 12 April 19 1817/April 7, 1818 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1818 April 5 15:46 13 April 8, 1818/Mar. 27, 1819 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1819 Mar. 25 23:29 14 Mar. 28, 1819/April 13, 1820 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1820 Mar 14 15:52 (prior) Mar 16, 1820(1% moon visible in Jerusalem Mar 15 evening)=Mar 26, Nisan 11^th and possible day of 1^st vision

1820 April 12 9:04 15 April 14, 1820/April 3, 1821 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1821 April 2 15:14 16 April 4, 1821/Mar. 24, 1822 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1822 Mar. 23 7:15 17 Mar. 25, 1822/April 12, 1823 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1823 April 11 6:49 18 April 13, 1823/Apr. 1, 1824 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1824 Mar. 30 15:06 19 April 2, 1824/April 19, 1825 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

(JT= Jerusalem Time) (UT=Universal Time) 6939

1825 Mar. 19 (18:50JT) Mar 21, 1825/April 8, 1826 (1% evening of 3/20) (alternate months not listed with Universal Time.)

1825 April 18 9:19UT 1 April 20, 1825/April 8, 1826 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1826 April 7 9:28 2 April 9, 1826/Mar. 28, 1827 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1827 Mar. 27 12:07 3 Mar. 29, 1827/April 15, 1828 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29(Sept 22=T1)Plates

1828 Mar. 16 (0:07JT) Mar 18, 1828/April 5, 1829 (3% of moon showing on evening of 3/17)

1828 April 14 9:18 4 April 16, 1828/April 5, 1829 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1829 April 3 22:24 5 April 6, 1829/Mar. 26, 1830 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0 (4/6thru5/15=40)Priesthood

1830 Mar. 24 14:51 6 Mar. 27, 1830/April 14, 1831 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29 (4/6 = N 11^th)Church

1831 Mar. 14 (8:20JT) Mar 16, 1831/April 2, 1832 (2% of moon showing on evening of 3/15)

1831 April 12 16:01 7 April 15, 1831/April 2, 1832 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1832 April 1 5:06 8 April 3, 1832/April 21, 1833 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1833 Mar. 21 (13:28JT) Mar 23, 1833/April 10, 1834 (1% of moon showing on evening of 3/22 (Passover on April 6^th this year)

1833 April 20 1:42 9 April 22, 1833/April 10,1834 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1834 April 9 4:42 10 April 11,1834/Mar. 30,1835 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1835 Mar. 29 4:41 11 Mar. 31, 1835/April 17,1836 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,3029

1836 Mar 17 (11:24JT)(prior) Mar 19, 1836/April 6, 1837 (1% 3/18) evening of March 27 begins Nisan 10, the dedication of Kirtland Temple and

1836 April 15 23:03 12 April 18, 1836/April 6, 1837 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0(Mar 27) Nisan 16 = April 3^rd

1837 April 5 7:20 13 April 7, 1837/Mar. 27, 1838 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1838 Mar. 25 21:44 14 Mar. 28, 1838/April 15, 1839 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1839 Mar. 15 (16:39JT) Mar. 17, 1839/April 4, 1840 (1% of moon showing on evening of 3/16)

1839 April 13 23:17 15 April 16, 1839/April 4, 1840 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1840 April 2 15:21 16 April 5, 1840/Mar. 24, 1841 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1841 Mar. 23 2:36 17 Mar. 25, 1841/April 12, 1842 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1842 Mar. 12 (8:49JT) Mar. 14, 1842/April 1, 1843 (1% of moon showing on evening of 3/13)

1842 April 10 22:30 18 April 13, 1842/April 1, 1843 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1843 Mar. 30 23:48 19 April 2, 1843/April 19, 1844 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1844 Mar 19 (2:37JT)(Prior new moon)Mar. 21, 1844/April 8, 1845 would make June 27^th the 10^th of Tammuz , Joseph Smith’s death day

1844 April 17 16:32 1 April 20, 1844/April 8, 1845 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1845 April 6 19:40 2 April 9, 1845/Mar. 28, 1846 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1846 Mar. 27 5:50 3 Mar. 29, 1846/April 16, 1847 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1847 April 15 6:22 4 April 17, 1847/April 5, 1848 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1848 April 3 23:01 5 April 6, 1848/Mar. 26, 1849 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1849 Mar. 24 14:06 6 Mar. 27, 1849/April 13, 1850 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1850 April 12 12:46 7 April 14, 1850/April 3, 1851 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1851 April 1 18:32 8 April 4, 1851/April 20, 1852 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1852 April 19 11:45 9 April 21, 1852/April 9,1853 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1853 April 8 11:57 10 April 10,1853/Mar. 30,1854 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1854 Mar. 28 16:51 11 Mar. 31, 1854/April 18,1855 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1855 April 16 15:05 12 April 19, 1855/April 6, 1856 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1856 April 5 5:53 13 April 7 , 1856/Mar. 27, 1857 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1857 Mar. 25 22:29 14 Mar. 28, 1857/April 15, 1858 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1858 April 13 23:15 15 April 16, 1858/April 4, 1859 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1859 April 3 10:17 16 April 5, 1859/Mar. 24, 1860 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1860 Mar. 22 13:56 17 Mar. 25, 1860/April 11, 1861 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1861 April 10 6:56 18 April 12, 1861/Mar. 31, 1862 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1862 Mar. 30 7:45 19 April 1, 1862/April 19, 1863 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1863 April 18 3:05 1 April 20, 18632/April 8, 1864 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1864 April 6 13:49 2 April 9, 1864/Mar. 28, 1865 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1865 Mar. 27 5:28 3 Mar. 29, 1865/April 16, 1866 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1866 April 15 7:03 4 April 17, 1866/April 6, 1867 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1867 April 4 22:04 5 April 7, 1867/Mar. 25, 1868 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1868 Mar. 24 6:59 6 Mar. 26, 1868/April 13, 1869 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1869 April 12 1:48 7 April 14, 1869/April 2, 1870 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1870 April 1 1:58 8 April 3, 1870/April 21, 1871 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1871 April 19 19:04 9 April 22, 1871/April 9,1872 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1872 April 8 0:32 10 April 10,1872/Mar. 29,1873 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1873 Mar. 28 12:54 11 Mar. 30, 1873/April 18,1874 = 385 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,30,29

1874 April 16 13:58 12 April 19, 1874/April 7, 1875 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1875 April 6 6:36 13 April 8, 1875/Mar. 27, 1876 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1876 Mar. 25 20:12 14 Mar. 28, 1876/April 15, 1877 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1877 Mar 15 5:14 (prior) Mar.17,1877 is N 1 = April 6^th is Nisan 21 and the last day of the Passover(St George Temple dedication)

1877 April 13 17:50 15 April 16, 1877/April 4, 1878 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1878 April 2 21:14 16 April 5, 1878/Mar. 24, 1879 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1879 Mar. 22 21:02 17 Mar. 25, 1879/April 11, 1880 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1880 April 9 15:07 18 April 12, 1880/Mar. 31, 1881 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1881 Mar. 29 22:32 19 April 1, 1881/April 19, 1882 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1882 April 17 21:38 1 April 20, 1882/April 8, 1883 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1883 April 7 13:36 2 April 9, 1883/Mar. 28, 1884 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1884 Mar. 27 5:48 3 Mar. 29, 1884/April 16, 1885 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1885 April 15 5:52 4 April 17, 1885/April 6, 1886 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1886 April 4 14:31 5 April 7, 1886/Mar. 26, 1887 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1887 Mar. 24 16:10 6 Mar. 27, 1887/April 12, 1888 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1888 April 11 9:08 7 April 13, 1888/April 1, 1889 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1889 Mar. 31 11:38 8 April 2, 1889/April 20, 1890 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1890 April 19 8:06 9 April 21,1890/April 10,1891 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1891 April 8 20:57 10 April 11,1891/Mar. 30,1892 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1892 Mar. 28 13:18 11 Mar. 31, 1892/April 18,1893 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,3029

1893 April 16 14:34 12 April 19, 1893/April 7, 1894 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1894 April 6 4:00 13 April 8, 1894/Mar. 27, 1895 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1895 Mar. 26 10:25 14 Mar. 28, 1895/April 14, 1896 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1896 April 13 4:23 15 April 15, 1896/April 3, 1897 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1897 April 2 4:24 16 April 4, 1897/Mar. 23, 1898 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1898 Mar. 22 8:37 17 Mar. 24, 1898/April 11, 1899 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1899 April 10 6:21 18 April 12, 1899/April 1, 1900 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1900 Mar. 30 20:30 19 April 2, 1900/April 20, 1901 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1901 April 18 21:37 1 April 21, 1901/April 10, 1902 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1902 April 8 13:50 2 April 11, 1902/Mar. 30, 1903 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1903 Mar. 29 1:26 3 Mar. 31, 1903/April 16, 1904 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1904 April 15 10:58 4 April 17, 1904/April 6, 1905 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1905 April 4 23:23 5 April 7, 1905/Mar. 26, 1906 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1906 Mar. 24 23:52 6 Mar. 27, 1906/April 14, 1907 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1907 April 12 19:06 7 April 15, 1907/April 2, 1908 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1908 April 1 5:02 8 April 3, 1908/April 21, 1909 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1909 April 20 4:51 9 April 22,1909/April 11,1910 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1910 April 9 21:25 10 April 12,1910/Mar. 31,1911 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1911 Mar. 30 12:38 11 April 1, 1911/April 18,1912 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,3029

1912 April 17 11:40 12 April 19, 1912/April 8, 1913 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1913 April 6 17:48 13 April 9, 1913/Mar. 28, 1914 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1914 Mar. 26 18:09 14 Mar. 29,1914/April 15,1915 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1915 April 14 11:35 15 April 16,1915/April 4,1916 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1916 April 2 16:21 16 April 5,1916/Mar. 24, 1917 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1917 Mar. 23 4:05 17 Mar. 25,1917/April 12,1918 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1918 April 11 4:34 18 April 13, 1918/April 2,1919 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1919 Mar. 31 21:04 19 April 3, 1919/April 20,1920 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1920 April 18 21:43 1 April 21,1920/April 9,1921 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1921 April 8 9:05 2 April 10,1921/Mar 30,1922 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1922 Mar. 28 13:03 3 Mar.31,1922/April 17,1923 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1923 April 16 6:28 4 April 18,1923/April 5,1924 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1924 April 4 7:17 5 April 6, 1924/Mar. 26,1925 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1925 Mar. 24 14:03 6 Mar. 27,1925/April 14,1926 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1926 April 12 12:56 7 April 15,1926/April 3, 1927 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1927 April 2 4:24 8 April 4, 1927/April 21, 1928 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1928 April 20 5:25 9 April 22,1928/April 10,1929 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1929 April 9 6:07 10 April 11,1929/Mar. 31,1930 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1930 Mar. 30 5:46 11 April 1, 1930/April 19,1931 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,3029

1931 April 18 1:00 12 April 20,1931/April 7,1932 = 353 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,29,0

1932 April 6 1:21 13 April 8,1932/Mar. 27, 1933 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1933 Mar. 26 3:20 14 Mar. 28,1933/April 15,1934 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1934 April 13 23:57 15 April 16,1934/April 4, 1935 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1935 April 3 12:10 16 April 5, 1935/Mar 24, 1936 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1936 Mar. 23 4:13 17 Mar. 25, 1936/April 12,1937 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1937 April 11 5:10 18 April 13, 1937/April 2, 1938 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1938 Mar. 31 18:52 19 April 3, 1938/April 21, 1939 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6939

1939 April 19, 16:35 1 April 22,1939/April 9, 1940 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1940 April 7, 20:18 2 April 10, 1940/Mar.29, 1941 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1941 Mar. 27, 20:14 3 Mar. 30, 1941/April 17,1942 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1942 April 15 14:33 4 April 18, 1942/April 6, 1943 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1943 April 4 21:53 5 April 7, 1943/Mar. 25, 1944 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1944 Mar. 24 11:36 6 Mar. 26, 1944/April 13,1945 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1945 April 12 12:30 7 April 14, 1945/April 3, 1946 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1946 April 2 4:37 8 April 4, 1946/April 22, 1947 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1947 April 21 4:19 9 April 23, 1947/April 11, 1948 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1948 April 9 13:17 10 April 12, 1948/Mar. 31, 1949 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1949 Mar. 29 15:11 11 April 1, 1949/ April 18, 1950 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

1950 April 17 8:25 12 April 19, 1950/April 7, 1951 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1951 April 6 10:52 13 April 8, 1951/Mar. 27, 1952 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1952 Mar. 25 20:13 14 Mar. 28, 1952/April 15, 1953 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1953 April 13 20:09 15 April 16, 1953/April 4, 1954 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1954 April 3 12:25 16 April 5, 1954/Mar. 25, 1955 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1955 Mar. 24 3:42 17 Mar. 26, 1955/April 12, 1956 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1956 April 11 2:39 18 April 13, 1956/April 1, 1957 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1957 Mar. 31 9:19 19 April 2, 1957/April 20, 1958 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6939

1958 April 19 3:23 1 April 21, 1958/April 9, 1959 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1959 April 8 3:29 2 April 10, 1959/Mar. 28, 1960 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1960 Mar. 27 7:37 3 Mar. 29, 1960/April 16, 1961 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1961 April 15 5:37 4 April 17, 1961/April 6, 1962 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1962 April 4 19:45 5 April 7, 1962/Mar. 26, 1963 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1963 Mar. 25 12:10 6 Mar. 27, 1963/April 13, 1964 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1964 April 12 12:37 7 April 14, 1964/April 3, 1965 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1965 April 2 0:21 8 April 4, 1965/April 22, 1966 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1966 April 20 20:35 9 April 23,1966/April 11,1967 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1967 April 9 22:20 10 April 12,1967/Mar. 30,1968 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1968 Mar. 28 22:48 11 Mar. 31, 1968/April 18,1969 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,3029

1969 April 16 18:16 12 April 19,1969/April 7,1970 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1970 April 6 4:09 13 April 8,1970/Mar. 28, 1971 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1971 Mar. 26 19:23 14 Mar. 29,1971/April 15,1972 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1972 April 13 20:31 15 April 16,1972/April 4, 1973 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1973 April 3 11:45 16 April 5, 1973/Mar 25, 1974 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1974 Mar. 23 21:24 17 Mar. 26, 1974/April 13,1975 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1975 April 11 16:39 18 April 14, 1975/April 1, 1976 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1976 Mar. 30 17:08 19 April 2, 1976/April 19, 1977 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

6939

1977 April 18 10:35 1 April 20,1977/April 9, 1978 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1978 April 7 15:15 2 April 10, 1978/Mar.29, 1979 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1979 Mar. 28 2:59 3 Mar. 30, 1979/April 16,1980 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1980 April 15 3:46 4 April 17, 1980/April 6, 1981 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1981 April 4 20:19 5 April 7, 1981/Mar. 26, 1982 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1982 Mar. 25 10:17 6 Mar. 27, 1982/April 14,1983 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1983 April 13 7:58 7 April 15, 1983/April 2, 1984 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1984 April 1 12:10 8 April 3, 1984/April 21, 1985 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1985 April 20 5:22 9 April 22, 1985/April 10, 1986 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1986 April 9 6:08 10 April 11, 1986/Mar. 30, 1987 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1987 Mar. 29 12:46 11 Mar. 31, 1987/April 17, 1988 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1988 April 16 12:00 12 April 18, 1988/April 7, 1989 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30 ,30,29,30,29,0

1989 April 6 3:33 13 April 8, 1989/Mar. 27, 1990 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1990 Mar. 26 1:48 14 Mar. 28, 1990/April 16, 1991 = 385 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,30,29

1991 April 14 19:38 15 April 17, 1991/April 4, 1992 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1992 April 3 5:01 16 April 5, 1992/Mar. 24, 1993 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1993 Mar. 23 7:14 17 Mar. 25, 1993/April 12, 1994 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1994 April 11 0:17 18 April 13, 1994/April 1, 1995 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1995 Mar. 31 2:09 19 April 2, 1995/April 19, 1996 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

1996 April 17 22:49 1 April 20, 1996/April 8, 1997 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1997 April 7 11:02 2 April 9, 1997/Mar. 29, 1998 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1998 Mar. 28 3:14 3 Mar. 30, 1998/April 17, 1999 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1999 April 16 4:22 4 April 18, 1999/April 6, 2000 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2000 April 4 18:12 5 April 7, 2000/Mar. 26, 2001 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2001 Mar. 25 1:21 6 Mar. 27, 2001/April 14, 2002 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

2002 April 12 19:21 7 April 15, 2002/April 3, 2003 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2003 April 1 19:19 8 April 4, 2003/April 21, 2004 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

2004 April 19 13:21 9 April 22,2004/April 10,2005 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2005 April 8 20:32 10 April 11,2005/Mar. 30,2006 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2006 Mar. 29 10:15 11 Mar. 31, 2006/April 18,2007 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,3029

2007 April 17 11:36 12 April 19, 2007/April 7, 2008 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2008 April 6 3:55 13 April 8, 2008/Mar. 28, 2009 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2009 Mar. 26 16:06 14 Mar. 29, 2009/April 15, 2010 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

2010 April 14 12:29 15 April 16, 2010/April 5, 2011 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2011 April 3 14:32 16 April 6, 2011/Mar. 24, 2012 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2012 Mar. 22 14:37 17 Mar. 25, 2012/April 11, 2013 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

2013 Mar 11 19:52 prior N.M. Mar 14, 2013 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0 Moon not seen evening of 3-12-2013

2013 April 10 9:35 18 April 12, 2013/April 1, 2014 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0 in Jerusalem, but seen evening of

2014 Mar. 30 18:45 19 April 2, 2014/April 20, 2015 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29 3-13-2013; Astronomical new moon

6940 timing was the same as it was in

2015 April 18 18:57 1 April 21, 2015/April 8, 2016 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0 1 AD, being at 20:00 on Mar11^th

2016 April 7 11:24 2 April 9, 2016/Mar. 29, 2017 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0 in 1 AD and 19:52 on Mar 11^th

2017 Mar. 28 2:57 3 Mar. 30, 2017/April 17, 2018 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29 in 2013 AD, making 3/24 the 11^th

2018 April 16 1:57 4 April 18, 2018/April 6, 2019 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0 day on the moon calendar in both

2019 April 5 8:50 5 April 7, 2019/Mar. 25, 2020 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0 years and the Savior’s birthday.

2020 Mar. 24 9:28 6 Mar. 26, 2020/April 13, 2021 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29 Abib/Aviv barley was also found

2021 April 12 2:31 7 April 14, 2021/April 2, 2022 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0 in Israel on March 11^th.

2022 April 1 6:24 8 April 3, 2022/April 21, 2023 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

2023 April 20 4:12 9 April 22, 2023/April 10,2024 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2024 April 8 18:21 10 April 11,2024/Mar. 30,2025 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2025 Mar. 29 10:58 11 Mar. 31, 2025/April 18,2026 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

2026 April 17 11:52 12 April 19, 2026/April 8, 2027 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2027 April 6 23:51 13 April 9, 2027/Mar. 27, 2028 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2028 Mar. 26 4:31 14 Mar. 28, 2028/April 15, 202 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

2029 April 13 21:40 15 April 16, 2029/April 4, 2030 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2030 April 2 22:02 16 April 5, 2030/Mar. 24, 2031 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2031 Mar. 23 3:49 17 Mar. 25, 2031/April 11, 2032 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

2032 April 10 2:39 18 April 12, 2032/April 1, 2033 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2033 Mar. 30 17:51 19 April 2, 2033/April 20, 2034 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

6940

The compilation above has been computed as if those rotations from 1 AD have continued to the present. From Chart 2 of the Hebrew/Israelite calendar 19 year cycle rotation shown earlier, one should see that in 1 AD in cycle one the year began on April 12. Now look on Chart 3 of the Calendar Comparison Chart to see how many days one would need to adjust for by 2001 AD. So doing, one would find a calculated adjustment of 8.7 days, giving an expected adjustment then of 8 or 9 days, with an occasional expected adjustment of 7 or 10 days.

It was by comparing this first base group of rotations at the time of the Savior to the rotations found in the rotations from Chart 5, which is the rotations from 1730 AD to 2033 AD, that I was able to see the actual movement of the days between the two calendars. Because of the loss of one day every 231 years we see there should have been about a 9 day loss between 1 AD and 2000 AD, and there was. Below on Chart 6 is shown a comparison detailing the actual accumulated one day loss every 231 years between the 1 AD time period and the 2000 AD time period.

Chart 6 below compares the change in the timing of the new moons at the time of the Savior to our present time, pointing out the actual change in the number of days over that period and also points out the pattern to expect when computing the new moons by using a rotation system into the past. This small chart compares cycle years 1AD to 19 AD as found in Chart 2 above against the same cycle years in the cycle of 1996 to 2014 AD found in the chart 5 above. This comparison should help one to see how the dates change over a long period of time and how that information then can be used to find the new moons in BC times.

The numbers of days changed in (brackets) are the day number difference found between the years in the cycle of 1 AD to 19AD when compared to the years in the cycle of 1996 to 2014 AD. The number next to the bracketed number with an asterisk * compares the same time period of 1AD to the years found in the cycle 1901 to 1919 AD. The first chart in this Appendix was the Hebrew or Israelite calendar cycles at the time of Christ made from the information from the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department information concerning the New Moons. The cycles found in Chart 2 are those cycles used from the time of Christ that are shown below with a comparison made to the cycles of 1997/2014 and 1901/1919 found from chart 5 to show the day change between that long time period.

Chart 6—Day Change Comparison Chart, (difference in brackets)

for cycle years 1-19 AD against 1996/2014, a 2000 year comparison

Year Astronomical Cycle Date Day Date Days

Moon (UT) yr 1-19AD Diff. (1996/2014) in year Number of days in months

1996 April 17 22:49 1 April 12 (8)9* April 20, 1996/April 8, 1997 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

1997 April 7 11:02 2 April 2 (7)9* April 9, 1997/Mar. 29, 1998 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

1998 Mar. 28 3:14 3 Mar 22 (8)9* Mar. 30, 1998/April 17, 1999 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

1999 April 16 4:22 4 April 8 (10)9* April 18, 1999/April 6, 2000 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2000 April 4 18:12 5 Mar 29 (9)9* April 7, 2000/Mar. 26, 2001 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2001 Mar. 25 1:21 6 Mar 18 (9)9* Mar. 27, 2001/April 14, 2002 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

2002 April 12 19:21 7 April 6 (9)9* April 15, 2002/April 3, 2003 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2003 April 1 19:19 8 Mar 26 (9)8* April 4, 2003/April 21, 2004 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

2004 April 19 13:21 9 April 14 (8)9* April 22,2004/April 10,2005 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2005 April 8 20:32 10 April 3 (8)9* April 11,2005/Mar. 30,2006 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2006 Mar. 29 10:15 11 Mar 23 (8)9* Mar. 31, 2006/April 18,2007 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

2007 April 17 11:36 12 April 10 (9)9* April 19, 2007/April 7, 2008 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2008 April 6 3:55 13 Mar 30 (9)10* April 8, 2008/Mar. 28, 2009 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2009 Mar. 26 16:06 14 Mar 19 (10)10* Mar. 29, 2009/April 15, 2010 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

2010 April 14 12:29 15 April 7 (9)9* April 16, 2010/April 5, 2011 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2011 April 3 14:32 16 Mar 27 (10)10* April 6, 2011/Mar. 24, 2012 = 354 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,0

2012 Mar. 22 14:37 17 Mar 17 (8)8* Mar. 25, 2012/April 11, 2013 = 383 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,29,29,30,30,29

2013 April 10 9:35 18 April 5 (7)8* April 12, 2013/April 1, 2014 = 355 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,30,29,30,29,0

2014 Mar. 30 18:45 19 Mar 25 (8)9* April 2, 2014/April 20, 2015 = 384 = 30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,30,29

*shows day change between 1-19AD cycle and 1901/1919Cycle, a 1900 yr comp.

The most useful pattern I found that fits the monthly rotation and places the months in a probable time frame at the time of the Savior begins with the year 1 AD as the first year in the pattern. That rotation pattern is found in Chart 2 above and can be followed to our present time with the year 1901 AD being the beginning of the 100^th rotation of the 19 year pattern. As we can see, the year 1901 begins on April 21^st, a nine day difference between it and the start of the year in 1 AD when that year began on the 12^th of April. When one understands the calendars, the difference found here is exactly what is to be expected.

With respect to the present-day mean solar year, as mentioned earlier the Hebrew calendar year is slightly longer by about 6 minutes and 25 seconds meaning that every 224 years, the Hebrew calendar will fall a full day behind the modern fixed solar year, and about every 231 years it will fall a full day behind the Gregorian calendar year. That means that between 1 AD and 2000 AD, the Hebrew calendar loses approximately 8½ days in comparison to the Gregorian sun year, reflecting the one day change for every 231 years. That adjustment shows up on the Gregorian calendar as an approximate 7 to 10 day variable instead of a flat 8½ days, when comparing the dates of the cycles from the time of Christ to our present time. The “Day Change Comparison Chart” on the above chart 6 compares the difference in the rotation cycles and helps us to see what to expect when using a system as being described here to find BC new moons as this kind of change would also happen as one goes prior to the time of Christ.

Using this rotation and adjusting for the one day change every 231 years between the Hebrew calendar and the Gregorian calendar, along with keeping in mind the slight possible movement in the expected day as shown from “The Day Change Comparison Chart”, it is possible to overlay the Hebrew calendar onto the Gregorian calendar and thus find our calendar date for the Hebrew time and/or event in those times prior to Christ. It was by studying and understanding this movement of the moon in relationship to the sun over time that a pattern was seen and could be determined by which the new moon times could be computed for those early time periods where a lack of information made it impossible otherwise. Careful study of the information in the above charts shows the patterns to be expected in the relationship of the moon and the sun, thus creating the ability to find the new moon times in the BC era.

On the Calendar Comparison charts I have printed the number expected in bold, and the two other numbers on each side of that number, they being also possible days that could show up when laying the Hebrew calendar over the Gregorian sun calendar because of the leap year addition and the moon egg shaped rotation, are printed not in bold. Studying this difference should help one to see how the calendars work and what one should expect to find when laying out the calendars.

This writing is focused on the movements of the sun and the moon in creating our calendars. It can be observed that the variance in the days from the rotations from the time of Christ to 1901 AD varied at 1901 AD from being a 7 day difference about 6% of the time, it being a two day difference to the expected date, to 24% of the time being 8 days, a one day difference, to 54% of the time being 9 days, 8½ to 9 days being the day expected on this chart, and about 16 % of the time being 10 days, again a one day difference as shown in the above “Day Change Comparison Chart”.

Again, the Holy Day combination is either in this narrow window or not. One should be able to see that the range of possibilities is thus very limited as to trying to force a date to be where it isn’t when shadowing the Moon calendar onto the Sun calendar. One should also remember that because the rotation of the Moon moves the days so much between the Sun and Moon calendars, there is only a 3.5% to 4% possibility that the same shadowing will show up on the two calendars on the same day over a several thousand year period. The same shadowing of the two calendars also being on the same day of the week drops to about a 0.6 % possibility which is what you have in the shadowing in Sept. of 4001 BC.

Chart 4 above also includes a number of speculative dates as well as actual dates mentioned in history or scripture, for which I have calculated the corresponding moon or sun dates, and then placed those dates on the chart to give you an idea how the charts can be used to find the moons and then put the dates and possible events together for special dates in the past.

One last element that I have observed is the patterns in the above charts of the 19 year rotation were based on the idea that if the Astronomical New Moon was after about noon Universal Time, then the Visible New Moon would not be seen until the second following evening rather than the following evening. This rule was applied by me in my charts as that was what I understood through my studies to be the rule accepted by others for this event. I recently decided to check out that supposed fact and found the timing of the visible new moon from the astronomical new moon to be as shown of the following Chart 7. I have found from trying to see a 1% moon that physical observance is rare as I was not able to observe such a moon because of clouds or the timing of the Astronomical New Moon in the times I tried until the evening of the 12^th of March, 2013. Although the crescent moon was very slim then, it was still very observable, and that night it was observable by me from 7:50 pm to 8:33 pm, sundown being at 7:20 pm that evening in St George, Utah where I observed it.

Observing the meaning of the date in its relationship to God’s Holy Days as we go through the process of finding the new moon for a particular month in a particular year, can help us in our selection of the most probable and appropriate date. Through this process, by using all available information in respect to the determination of the new moon, one then determines to make the most probable choice for the right day of the new moon that possibly can be made without the benefit of additional astronomical evidence to verify that date.

The dates in the above charts are from actual data provided by the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department and are not found through shadowing. According to the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department they are very accurate, within two hours between 26 BC and 1 BC and within one hour between 1 BC and 36 AD. The dates found prior to 26 BC by using the Hebrew Moon calendar through shadowing are the dates I am and have been referring to in the above that have not been scientifically or astronomically verified. But this does not mean that they are not correct. It’s only that they haven’t had an official type of sanction or verification and may be subject to a slight change when more information becomes available. Those dates after 1730 AD are again from U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department confirmed data.

Again, it is by looking at what other evidence is available to show that the date is appropriate that one can conclude and have confidence in the accuracy of the date, meaning both the historical evidence concerning that date and the meaning as reflected from God’s Holy Day numbers and the possible meaning of those numbers and what they have reflected on other occasions. This becomes practical through the knowledge that God has given us patterns in all things. Symbolism is thus very important in this process of finding the actual dates without the actual astronomical data to verify that date. Our calculations may indicate what the main calculated expected date is from the pattern, but occasionally the day, and sometimes even the second day, on either side of that date, as we have seen through studying the movement of the calendars, can be found to be appropriate and thus more probable.

Further evidence of this is found from close observation of the new moons shown from 20 BC to 38 AD found in Appendix E. From that new moon chart one will observe that the correct Israelite months of Adar and Nisan during that time contains the correct number of days only 27 times out of the 58 years shown there. There is one day too many or one day short in Nisan or Adar in 31 of those years. That again is more evidence for the one or two day wobble in the pattern; yet the pattern does accurately present the new moons in a very narrow window of time making the pattern useful in calculating time in the past or future.

The more one studies the calendars and their makeup the more one will appreciate the usage and information derived from this method, as well as gain confidence that this method does work. The charts in this Appendix show the days of the Hebrew/Israelite months and years when using the rules used at the time of Christ. They also are computed from the actual information provided by the U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department. The purpose of the chart 6 above was to help us see the actual day number movement and change between the Gregorian sun and the Hebrew moon calendar. You can observe that change and see how it works as you compare the rotations at the time of Christ to the current rotations from 1730 to 2033, as well as the difference in some of the rotations between 1730 and 2033. That observation is critical in the understanding of the Hebrew calendar.

As you study this difference and the variable from year to year, as well as the kind of variable found from cycle to cycle, you may come to more fully appreciate and understand how the rotation of the moon calendar can be used to find the dates of the new moons which gives us the beginnings of the months in the various years. This is done in the way described in the following final example.

To find for example the beginning of the first month in the Hebrew year of 600 BC one starts by using Chart 2 above. From cycle 1 in 1 AD found there, one first subtracts 31cycles of 19 years which then brings you to cycle 1 in the year 589 BC. Counting then 590 BC as cycle 19, 591 as cycle 18, and so forth until you are at 600 BC for cycle 9. Cycle 9 in the year 11 BC begins with April 14. This is found by referring back to cycle 9 found in the cycles at the time of Christ.

The next step is to check the “Comparison Calendar Chart,” Chart 3, to find the number of days changed between 1 AD and the time you are looking at, in this case 600 BC. In so doing one finds a negative adjustment of about 2 ½ days. Subtracting then 2 days from April 14 would then give us the probable date of April 12^th for Nisan 1 in the year 600 BC. That is what I call the most probable date, yet as one studies the variables you should be able to see that it could also be April 11^th or April 13^th. The most probable date is the one I have normally used unless there is some other evidence that one of the alternate dates is more likely.

The probable date of April 12^th is the date used by me in this case for the year 600 BC for it appeared to also be the most appropriate as it places Nisan 1 with April 12 which was the same alignment as found in 1 AD. This date appears to tie into rather than conflict with any historical or scriptural information, that main information here being the statements referring to Lehi leaving Jerusalem 600 years before the birth of the Savior. There does not appear to be any reason to assume it to be anything but that of the computed date. That is the way I have used to find the dates from the chart using cycle 1 in 1 AD.

One then also needs to keep in mind and adjust for the timing from the ripening of the barley, which allows the month of Nisan to range from the earliest about March 12^th to the latest of April 11^th. Chart 1 above gives the best example of where the month of Nisan should fit. In the above example, after referring to that chart, the date should be adjusted to the month earlier to be the correct month from the Israelite calendar, as the normal cutoff date was one day prior.

The cycle used (meaning cycle 17, 15, 1 or some other cycle, those cycles having been named for the cycle in the year 1 AD) is just a method used to find the new moons in the various periods, and again doesn’t change the actual timing of the beginning of the new moons. Remember also that the actual correct new moon for the Israelites is set by certain agricultural conditions that begin the New Year as also demonstrated in the above example.

Using the new moon information, after constructing the 1^st of the month for the two months near the spring equinox, I first looked for a pattern that would fit the 19 year rotation. In the process of doing this I constructed three different 19 year cycle patterns of the Hebrew calendar. The first 19 year cycle pattern I created had cycle 15 in the year 1 AD whereas the second 19 year cycle pattern had cycle 1 in 1 AD. The third had cycle 6 in 1 AD, as that cycle is what I later discovered fit the ripening of the barley in Jerusalem as used by the Israelites. The latter two cycle patterns are the ones shown in Charts 1 and 2 above.

The rule difference in the first cycle pattern not shown verses the two shown above in Charts 1 and 2 was that in the first pattern the new moon always had to begin after the spring equinox, which was the rule I understood was necessary for the pattern when I created it. The second pattern found in Chart 1 above allowed for a few of the new moons to start prior to the spring equinox. Although the rules I was aware of at the time didn’t allow for this, I just liked the idea of beginning the first rotation in the year 1 AD as it was easier to compute and compare the first rotation with other years and to help me more fully understand rotation patterns. The third pattern found in Chart 2 above was created from the pattern created when using the actual rules of the Israelites that called for the barley to be ripe enough that it could be used on the 2^nd day of the Passover for the wave offering.

In working with these patterns I determined that the pattern with cycle 1 in the year 1 AD was the most convenient to work with and is shown in Chart 2 and used in this study to find dates. By comparing one cycle to another you will gain some understanding of the consistency of the cycles in the pattern. I have used the sun (Gregorian) dates to indicate the moon (Hebrew) calendar dates in this chart rather than the Julian dates used at that time. The Julian/Gregorian accepted years are in the left column. The headings above the columns describe what is in that column. In the 4^th column is the beginning and ending day of the Hebrew year as found on the Gregorian calendar.

For example in Chart 2 the year 38 BC shows the first cycle in the 19 year rotation pattern as cycle 1 with that cycle’s first day being on April 12, of 38 BC and ending on March 31 of 37 BC. The number of days in the Moon year that year is 355. April 12^th would be the first day of the year on the Hebrew Moon calendar for that year, or Nisan 1. The next line shows the number of days in each month for that year, the first month being Nisan with 30 days, the next being Iyar with 29, etc. The “Astronomical New Moon” time is shown in column two. That new moon is when the moon is at its lowest diminishing point and thus begins to increase in light, the turning or ending point of the old moon and the beginning of the new moon. Visually, at that point, there is no moon to be seen and cannot be seen for at least another 24 to 30 hours. It is from the time given for the astronomical new moon that the likely appearance of the visual new moon can be calculated.

It depends on when the astronomical new moon occurred that the visual new moon can be expected, as it depends on the position and time of the rotation of the moon at that lowest diminishing point as to when the visual new moon will appear. The astronomical new moon should take place prior to 1:00 p.m. for it to be seen the following evening, as it seems to take something more than 24 hours before the new moon can be visually seen. If after 1:00 p.m. (Greenwich, England, Universal Time) it may not appear in Israel until the 3^rd evening.

For example in Chart 2 in 25 BC the astronomical new moon, column (2), was at 12:00 noon on March 17^th. This should provide for the opportunity for the new moon to be seen in Israel the following evening of March 18^th which would start the New Year at that time, with the first day shown by the Gregorian date being March 19^th. Although the moon was seen the evening before, the actual count of the day on the Gregorian calendar is the day following the visual sighting of the new moon the evening before.

That year, 25 BC, is not only a sun calendar leap year but also a moon calendar leap year and has an extra month added as can be seen as you follow across the months shown for that year. The year ends on April 6, 24 BC, with 384 days. The extra month is added at the end of the year and is called Adar II with 29 days, with Adar I becoming a calculated 30 day month instead of the 29 day month that it was. This moon calendar rotation, when used with the information from the “Calendar Comparison Chart”, enables one to more easily find the new moons in the past. As mentioned before Chart 2 used a rotation that began with the 1^st rotation being in the year 1 AD for convenience.

In 22 BC we see an example of the later appearance of the astronomical moon with the 3^rd evening appearance of the visual new moon thus making the year start one day later. Note that that year is the 17^th rotation, column (3), of the Hebrew cycle and is in bold. The bold numbers in that column designates that it is a moon calendar leap year with a month added as above explained. The bold numbers in column (1) indicate that it is a sun calendar leap year with one day added in February. As you can see, the sun calendar leap year has a pattern of every four years for their leap year. The moon calendar also has a pattern that you can observe from bold numbered years.

Another thing to notice from Chart 2 is how the dates of the beginning of each of the years of each cycle compares with the same cycle years of the following cycle. For example, in cycle 1 in 38 and 19 BC and 1, 20 and 39 AD, the date of the beginning of the year is April 12^th (column 4). In cycle 2, in 37 BC and 21 and 40 AD, the year begins on April 1^st, but in 18 BC and 2 AD the year begins on April 2^nd. You will find a similar comparison with the rest of the cycles. It is this type of almost constant repetition that enables one to find the new moons in other periods without the exact astronomical data.

It is from this shadowing or comparison from the Hebrew Moon calendar onto the Sun calendar that we find Gods Holy Days and appointed times. The moon calendar leap years are seen on Charts 1, 2 and 5 in bold in the third column. It is interesting that the seven years in the rotation that contains the leap months, 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19, seem to also be the main shadow dates used to find Gods Holy days, especially 6, 11, and 17, with 3, 8, 14, and 19 somewhat less. This is probably just a coincidence but as Jewish tradition says, all things mean something. Certainly everything is made to testify of the Savior, and truly He has given us a pattern in all things.

The Biblical month begins with the crescent New Moon which is also referred to as the First Visible Sliver. Remember that the Hebrew word for month (Hodesh) literally means New Moon and by extension refers to the period between one new moon and the next. The Bible never comes out and says we should determine the beginning of months based on the New Moon because the term for ‘Month’ (Hodesh) itself implies that the month begins with the crescent New Moon. Again, this would have been obvious to any ancient Israelite present when Moses recited the prophecies of YHWH to the Children of Israel, and therefore terms such as ‘dark’ and ‘light’ were sufficient. However, due to the long exile, we have lost the use of Biblical Hebrew in our day to day speech.

The biblical Holidays are dependent on the moon as mentioned in Psalms 104:19 which declares (from the NIV Hebrew-English Old Testament): “He created the moon for Mo’adim [appointed times].” The Hebrew term Mo’adim [appointed times] is the same word used to describe the Biblical Holidays.”

Also chapter 3 of Leviticus 23 of the same above Old Testament opens with the statement: “These are the Mo’adim [appointed times] of YHWH, holy convocations which you shall proclaim in their appointed times [Mo’adim].” So when the Psalmist tells us that God created the moon for Mo’adim [appointed times] he means that the moon was created to determine the time of the Mo’adim of YHWH, that is, the Biblical Holidays.

We also read earlier in Psalms 104:19 “He appointed the moon for seasons:” With the footnote at the bottom of the page for this verse referring us to Moses 2:14 and Gen. 1:14 where we find “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:” We thus see that one of the purposes of the moon is to determine the times of the Holy Biblical dates. It does appear that God gave us the Moon and Sun to help keep track of the years and the days, and for him to give us signs for his Holy Days through God’s patterns. The new moons do follow a pattern and can be calculated with amazing accuracy from this rotation, assuming within a day or two over several thousand years is considered accurate. From the following examples I will explain further what I mean by this statement.

The choice of pattern for the rotation does not change the actual time the moons come and go, it only changes the selection of which month might be used for the beginning of the year, and usually that change only affects questionable early or late starts for the year. As previously pointed out, the selection of the correct month for the beginning of the new year of the Israelite moon calendar is more determined by the relationship of the ripening of the barley with the timing of the new moons near that event, rather than the Babylonian calendar pattern of the new moons following the Spring Equinox.

It was from seeing these results that I realized what to expect as the years were followed into the past. The “Calendar Comparison Chart” shown in Chart 3 enables one to calculate the day loss or gain between the various calendars when used along with the Hebrew cycle chart, Chart 2, above. Again, it is the rotation that begins in year 1 AD that I have used to construct dates from, as I have found it to be easier to use or calculate from and found it also had the accuracy I was looking for built into it. There is no mention in the scriptures or in history that God gave the Israelites a rotation to follow but it seems to have been something later devised by man for man’s convenience to keep track of the years and the timing of the months, as many times when the new moon is to be observed in the evening, the sky is covered by clouds and the moon unobservable. For the years around the time of the birth of Christ, 25 BC to 38 AD, the actual dates have been determined by information provided by the U. S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department.

At the end of this study in “Appendix E” are some calendar months that show two alternative calendar systems and years that I created just for fun to show some alternate possible calendars we could use that would give similar results as far as keeping track of time. These calendars would make all the days of the year always fall of the same day of the week each year. The week could be set to begin on Sunday as it does on our present calendar, or it could be set to begin on Monday making both Saturday and Sunday always fall on the weekend.

On the Gregorian calendar we presently use, Monday, 1-1-1AD Julian date 1,721,426 to Monday, 1-1-2001Julian date 2,451,911, an exact 2,000 year period of time, there are 730,485 days or 104,355 weeks. Amazingly, the following calendars I created reflect also that exact amount of days and at the same time keeps the equinox and solstice times in their proper seasons.

The rule for the Gregorian calendar is that in a leap year an extra day will be added to February. A leap year is determined by every year that is divisible by four being a leap year with the following exception: The century years will not be leap years unless that century year is evenly divisible by four hundred, such as in the case of 1600 and 2000, in which case it will then be considered a leap year.

From Mon 1/1/1 AD (1,721,426) to Mon 1/1/2001 AD (2,451,911) is 730,485 days or 104,355 weeks. It is also exactly 2000 of our current Gregorian calendar years. This calendar will begin in 1 AD and start the year 1 AD on Sunday, January 1 with that year ending 52 weeks later on Saturday, December 35, a year with a total of 364 days. Every week would have 7 days and all weeks will begin on Sunday and end on Saturday. The equinox and solstice months will have 35 days each or 5 weeks. All other months will have 4 weeks for a total of 28 days in the month.

All years will have 52 weeks or 364 days with the following exception. Those years that end with 5 or 0, except the years that end with 25 or 75, will have an extra week placed in January for a total of 371 days in those years, with the exception that those century years divisible by 400 will not have the extra week added in January but will remain years with 364 days.

A variation of this calendar would be to make Monday the 1^st day of the week and start on Monday, January 1^st of 1 AD instead of Sunday January 1^st of 1 AD. Originally January 1 began on the Julian date of Saturday, January 1, 1 AD, which was the Gregorian date of Saturday December 30^th of 1 BC. January 1^st of 1 AD on the Gregorian calendar that we currently use today would have began on the following Monday. That Monday, then, on our current calendar is the same day and alignment as suggested in this possible variation. With this variation we would find the begin of the year 1 AD and the year 2001 AD on the same days as would be found on the Gregorian calendar that we presently use. There would be a total of exactly 730,485 days or 104,355 weeks on both calendars over that 2,000 year period, and the same result would be found in the following 2,000 years. Thus the same above rules could apply to either a Sunday thru Saturday week calendar as we currently use, or a variation with a Monday thru Sunday week calendar, with all weeks starting on either the Sunday or the Monday, depending again on the week day selected.